“…Surface sulfonation of polyolefins has been usually performed using highly concentrated sulfuric acid, [23][24][25][26][27][28] fuming sulfuric acid, [29][30][31] sulfuryl chloride, 32 chlorosulfonic acid, [19][20][21][33][34][35][36] dry gaseous mixture of sulfur trioxide and chloride, 37 mixture of sulfur dioxide and oxygen, 38 and solutions of sulfur trioxide in the presence of inert chlorinated hydrocarbon based solvents (i.e., methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene, and ethylene dichloride), 39 gas phase sulfur trioxide in nitrogen. 40 Apart from crosslinking and thermal stabilization, sulfonation as a surface modification technique has been shown to enhance several surface properties including dyeability, [41][42][43] adhesion, 40,44,45 wettability, 46,47 metallization, 48 electrostatic charge dissipation, 49 and barrier properties.…”