Measurement and Evaluation of the Impacts of Agricultural Chemical Use: A Framework for Analysis

Consumers' Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Organically Grown Vegetables

“…This number is likely to be underestimated because most cases do not reach hospitals, and rural health official records may not always mention poisoning from synthetic pesticides (International Development Research Centre [IDRC], 1990). Prolonged exposure to pesticides has been associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, cardiopulmonary disorders, neurological and hematological symptoms, and skin diseases (Antle and Capalbo, 1995;Crissman et al, 1994;Pingali et al, 1994;Wigle et al, 1990). The risk to consumers due to consumption of vegetables to which high levels of synthetic pesticides have been applied is high because they are not aware of the health hazards linked to chemical residues in vegetables (Coulibaly et al, 2002).…”

Health Costs and Externalities of Pesticide Use in the Sahel

“…The surveys were executed by a team of two plant protection officers and an economist. Antle and Capalbo (1995) offer a general framework for evaluating the impacts of agricultural chemical use. They distinguish as major indirect effects risks to humans and risks to the environment.…”

“…We can consider the appreciation of health as the consumption of a non-market good. According to valuation theory, one measure of the value that the individual attaches to a change in consumption of a nonmarket good would be the amount of money that would have to be spent to maintain the initial level of well-being (Antle and Capalbo, 1995). One way to estimate this amount would be to measure willingness to pay to avoid a health risk.…”

Economic analysis of environmental benefits of integrated pest management: a Philippine case study

“…Such estimation is difficult because assessing the physical or biological effects of alternative levels of pesticide use under various IPM practices is challenging, and because most of the benefits are non-market. Also, in some countries or regions of countries, people may not be aware of hazards posed by pesticides (Antle and Capalbo, 1995).…”