Schizophyllum commune

Raper, John R.; Hoffman, Robert M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1710-2_32

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Inactivation of the RGS-encoding gene thn1 in S. commune resulted in phenotypic changes that were similar to deletion of cprgs-1 in C. parasitica. Thn1 deletion mutants lacked aerial mycelium, and dikaryons that were homozygous for the thn1 mutation did not produce fruiting bodies (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a Role of the Regulator of G-Protein Signaling Protein CPRGS-1 in Gα Subunit CPG-1-Mediated Regulation of Fungal Virulence, Conidiation, and Hydrophobin Synthesis in the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica

2004

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We previously reported that the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica expresses at least three G-protein ␣ subunits and that G␣ subunit CPG-1 is essential for regulated growth, pigmentation, sporulation, and virulence. We now report the cloning and characterization of a C. parasitica regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) protein, CPRGS-1. The phylogenetic relationship of CPRGS-1 to orthologs from other fungi was inferred and found to be generally concordant with species relationships based on 18S ribosomal sequences and on morphology. However, Hemiascomycotine RGS branch lengths in particular were longer than for their 18S sequence counterparts, which correlates with functional diversification in the signaling pathway. Deletion of cprgs-1 resulted in reduced growth, sparse aerial mycelium, and loss of pigmentation, sporulation, and virulence. Disruption of cprgs-1 was also accompanied by a severe posttranscriptional reduction in accumulation of CPG-1 and G␤ subunit CPGB-1 and severely reduced expression of the hydrophobin-encoding gene cryparin. The changes in phenotype, cryparin expression, and CPGB-1 accumulation resulting from cprgs-1 gene deletion were also observed in a strain containing a mutationally activated copy of CPG-1 but not in strains containing constitutively activated mutant alleles of the other two identified G␣ subunits, CPG-2 and CPG-3. Furthermore, cprgs-1 transcript levels were increased in the activated CPG-1 strain but were unaltered in activated CPG-2 and CPG-3 strains. The results strongly suggest that CPRGS-1 is involved in regulation of G␣ subunit CPG-1-mediated signaling and establish a role for a RGS protein in the modulation of virulence, conidiation, and hydrophobin synthesis in a plant pathogenic fungus.Heterotrimeric G proteins play an essential role in the ability of eukaryotic cells to respond to extracellular signals. Activation of the pathway occurs when extracellular ligands bind to transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors. This allows the G␣ subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex to exchange GDP for GTP, which results in dissociation of the G␣ and G␤␥ subunits and activation of downstream effectors by both G␣ and G␤␥ (for a review, see reference 22). G␣ and G␤ subunits have been identified in numerous filamentous fungi, and their importance in biological processes such as morphogenesis, asexual and sexual reproduction and pathogenesis has been firmly established (reviewed in 2 and 34).An essential step in controlling the cellular response to Gprotein signal transduction is termination of the signal, which is achieved through the intrinsic GTPase activity of the G␣ subunit. The GTPase activity is relatively weak (21), and is greatly enhanced by interaction of the G␣ subunit with regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins (reviewed in reference 47). Evidence for the existence of RGS proteins came initially from studies of the mating pheromone response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is mediated via heterotrimeric G proteins. The RGS-encoding SST2...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a Role of the Regulator of G-Protein Signaling Protein CPRGS-1 in Gα Subunit CPG-1-Mediated Regulation of Fungal Virulence, Conidiation, and Hydrophobin Synthesis in the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica

2004

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“…This type of competitive occurrence of rockery formation and monokaryotic fruiting suggests that the rockery formation exerts its epistatic effect upon some reactions which are to be followed by the induction of monokaryotic fruiting in the light, but the dark-grown mycelia may escape from the effect and be ready for the induction of monokaryotic fruiting bodies by light. Dikaryons carrying mutant and wild-type alleles normally exhibit wild-type phenotypes (Raper and Miles 1958), but Leonard et al (1978) have described that dikaryon of S. commune carrying the mound and wild-type alleles produced both mounds and fruiting bodies. In C. macrorhizus, however, it has been shown that dikaryons carrying the roc and fisC5 alleles formed neither rockeries nor monokaryotic fruiting bodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of unusual hyphal morphology in a mutant of Coprinus macrorhizus.

Nyunoya

Ishikawa

1979

The Japanese journal of genetics

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“…The 4.2-kb H4 fragment from the H4-2 allele was previously isolated from an mtDNA library from A. aegerita strain WT-3 (ϭ SM47) (21); the 3.5-kb H4a fragment from the H4-1 allele was isolated from a library of mtDNA from strain WT-11 (ϭ SM751002). Both strains are preserved on CYM medium (23) in the International Culture Collection of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Cultivated Mushrooms (collection number GMACC WDCM 786) and were previously described (3). Escherichia coli JM83 (29) was used for cloning and propagation of plasmids in Luria-Bertani medium (20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duplication of a Truncated Paralog of the Family B DNA Polymerase Gene Aa-polB in the Agrocybe aegerita Mitochondrial Genome

Barroso

Labarère

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The Agrocybe aegerita mitochondrial genome contains a truncated family B DNA polymerase gene (Aa-polB P1) whose nucleotide sequence is 86% identical to the previously described and potentially functional Aa-polB gene. A tRNAMet gene occurs at the 3 end of the Aa-polB P1 gene. The Aa-polB P1 gene could result from reverse transcription of an Aa-polB mRNA primed by a tRNA Met followed by the integration of the cDNA after recombination at the mitochondrial tRNA locus. Two naturally occurring alleles of Aa-polB P1 carry one or two copies of the disrupted sequence. In strains with two copies of Aa-polB P1, these copies are inverted relative to one another and separated by a short sequence carrying the tRNA Met gene. Both A. aegerita mitochondrial family B DNA polymerases were found to be related to other family B DNA polymerases (36 to 53% amino acid similarity), including the three enzymes of the archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. If mitochondria originated from a fusion between a Clostridium-like eubacterium and a Sulfolobus-like archaebacterium, then the A. aegerita family B DNA polymerase genes could be remnants of the archaebacterial genes.The genes in the fungal mitochondrial genome generally belong to a small set of highly conserved genes that probably originated from a prokaryotic ancestral endosymbiont (for a review, see reference 12). They encode components of complexes I to V of the electron transport chain, as well as the RNA portion of the translation system, mitochondrial rRNAs, and mitochondrial tRNAs. Most other genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are located on the nuclear chromosomes. In particular, the highly conserved ␥ DNA polymerases (17) responsible for the replication of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are nucleus encoded.Agrocybe aegerita is a cultivated basidiomycete whose mitochondrial genome has been cloned and mapped (21) and from which three mitochondrial genes have been sequenced: cox1 (10) and the small-subunit (SSU) and large-subunit rRNA genes (rDNAs) (9, 11). A potentially functional family B DNA polymerase gene named Aa-polB is near the SSU rDNA, on the opposite strand, in the 20 A. aegerita wild strains that have been studied (4). This gene putatively encodes a 571-aminoacid (aa) protein possessing all the conserved domains and residues involved in 3Ј-5Ј exonucleolytic and polymerization activities (4). Other sequences similar to Aa-polB are present in the mitochondrial genome about 20 kb from the Aa-polB gene. This region, named H4, has two alleles, H4-1 and H4-2, that differ in length and that are present in 28 and 8 strains, respectively, of 36 A. aegerita field strains (3).Our objectives in this study were to determine the relationship between Aa-polB and a putative copy of this gene some 20 kb distant and to determine if the distal copy of this sequence affects allelic variability. The duplicated copies of this family B DNA polymerase gene may have arisen by reverse transcription of mRNAs primed by a mitochondrial tRNA. MATERIALS AND METHODSStrains, media, and culture c...

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Schizophyllum commune

Cited by 48 publications

References 104 publications

Evidence for a Role of the Regulator of G-Protein Signaling Protein CPRGS-1 in Gα Subunit CPG-1-Mediated Regulation of Fungal Virulence, Conidiation, and Hydrophobin Synthesis in the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica

Evidence for a Role of the Regulator of G-Protein Signaling Protein CPRGS-1 in Gα Subunit CPG-1-Mediated Regulation of Fungal Virulence, Conidiation, and Hydrophobin Synthesis in the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica

Control of unusual hyphal morphology in a mutant of Coprinus macrorhizus.

Duplication of a Truncated Paralog of the Family B DNA Polymerase Gene Aa-polB in the Agrocybe aegerita Mitochondrial Genome

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