The Role of Pre-formed Antifungal Substances in the Resistance of Fruits to Postharvest Pathogens

Adikaram, N. K. B.; Karunanayake, Chathurika; Abayasekara, C. L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8930-5_1

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…At least three chitinase isozymes were present in the aqueous phase of latex (Adikaram et al 2010). Chitinase activity remained higher for two more days in the two cultivars used in the present investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Mango latex is a colloidal suspension having two phases. The aqueous phase is a milky and viscous liquid containing mainly proteins and polysaccharides (Oka et al 2004) and chitinases activity (Adikaram et al 2010). The latter has the ability to digest conidia of certain plant pathogenic fungi (Karunanayake et al 2011(Karunanayake et al , 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Holmes et al (1999), using NMR, showed that mango latex consisted mostly of two monoterpenes. The aqueous phase of mango latex in contrast contains mostly proteins, with enzyme activity and carbohydrates (John et al 2003) and among them were three chitinases with molecular weights of 47, 87 and 97 KDa (Adikaram et al 2010). Certain components of mango latex contain antimicrobial substances (Negi et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…and stemend rot (SER) caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae (Adikaram et al 2010), Dothiorella spp., Phomopsis mangiferae, Pestalotiopsis sp. and Cytosphaera mangiferae (Johnson et al 1992) are among the most serious postharvest diseases in ripe mangoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retention of latex at harvest, enhanced mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit resistance and reduced anthracnose and stem-end rot

Karunanayake

Sinniah

Adikaram

et al. 2014

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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Unripe mangoes contain a network of minute latex canals in its exocarp, outer mesocarp and the pedicel. Latex, when retrieved, separates into an upper oily layer containing antifungal resorcinols and a lower aqueous layer with chitinase activity. Latex disappears in coincidence with ripening and decline of fruit resistance to fungal pathogens. The present study investigated if retention of latex at harvest enhances fruit resistance and reduces anthracnose and the stem-end rot (SER) development during ripening. Latex was retained by harvesting fruit with a portion (approximately 1 cm) of pedicel while in the controls, latex was drained off by removing the pedicel. Anthracnose and SER development from natural infections or following artificial inoculation was assessed at ripe stage. The results showed a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of anthracnose in the cultivar 'Willard' susceptible to anthracnose when latex was retained at harvest. There was delayed SER development when latex was retained in the susceptible cultivar 'Karutha Colomban'. A negative trend was observed between the pedicel length and anthracnose or SER level in cultivars susceptible to the two respective diseases. The fruit peel in which latex was retained had greater chitinase activity. The reduction of anthracnose and SER could be due to the greater resorcinols and chitinase activity respectively in latex-retained fruit. The results indicate a direct involvement of latex in fruit resistance and the possibility of its manipulation to protect ripe fruit from fungal rotting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retention of latex at harvest, enhanced mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit resistance and reduced anthracnose and stem-end rot

Karunanayake

Sinniah

Adikaram

et al. 2014

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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“…Resorcinol is used externally in ointments and lotions as an antifungal, and its preservative effects against basidiomycetes were previously established (Adikaram et al 2010). Moreover, Yamaguchi et al (2002) have shown that, amongst different tannin combinations, only resorcinolated mimosa tannins used as active ingredient in the wood caused 100% mortality of the very aggressive Coptotermes formosanus in an eating-damaged test.…”

Section: Connection Between the Identified Compounds And Survival Ratmentioning

confidence: 98%

Toxicity potential in the extraneous compounds of white mulberry wood (Morus alba)

Golpayegani

Thévenon

Gril

et al. 2014

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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The health problems amongst musical instrument makers working on the White mulberry (Morus alba), lead to investigate the toxicity potential of wood extractives. Five solvents of different polarity and two methods of extractions were used to ensure a thorough, clear and classified compound removal. The compounds were identified using qualitative GC-mass and the toxicity were determined by studying their effect on termite survival (Reticulitermes flavipes). The results indicated the presence of different compound categories like phenols, higher hydrocarbons, fatty acids, sterols and aromatic components in the extractives. These compounds were not removable by just one solvent and the order of removal was polarity related. The extractives were found toxic towards termites. Resorcinol, which corresponded to the highest proportion of peaks in the GC-mass spectra, has been assigned as the possible compound responsible for the allergic reactions by the artisans.

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Fungal pathogens associated with pre‐ And postharvest fruit rots of mango in southern Iran

Goudarzi

Samavi

Mazraie

et al. 2021

Journal of Phytopathology

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This study aimed at identifying fungal pathogens causing pre‐ and postharvest fruit rots on local cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in the main mango‐growing regions of southern Iran. Mango fruits showing rot symptoms from commercial orchards were used for isolation of fungal species associated with preharvest fruit rots. Latent infections were assessed on intact healthy mango fruits which were surface‐disinfested and incubated in moist chambers at 25ºC. For evaluation of postharvest wound infections, intact healthy mango fruits were artificially wounded and incubated in moist chambers at 25ºC. In addition, fungal decays were assessed on intact healthy mango fruits stored at 13ºC for up to 4 weeks. Isolated fungi were identified based on morphological characteristics, as well as sequence data from the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. In addition, the sequence data inferred from translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (tef1) gene were used for determination of Fusarium species and Alternaria and Colletotrichum isolates were defined genetically based on multi‐gene sequencing. Accordingly, eight fungal species, including Alternaria alternata, Neofussicoccum mediterraneum, Aureobasidium melanogenum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Xenoacremonium falcatus, F. verticillioides and Diaporthe phyllanthicola, were identified to associate with preharvest mango fruit rots. Fungi associated with latent infections, mostly stem‐end rots, included A. alternata, N. mediterraneum, C. gloeosporioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, F. proliferatum and A. melanogenum, and those associated with wound infections were A. alternata, N. mediterraneum, Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp. A. alternata was the only pathogen isolated from the fruits stored at low temperature. Pathogenicity of the selected isolates was demonstrated by fulfilling Koch's postulates.

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The Role of Pre-formed Antifungal Substances in the Resistance of Fruits to Postharvest Pathogens

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Retention of latex at harvest, enhanced mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit resistance and reduced anthracnose and stem-end rot

Retention of latex at harvest, enhanced mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit resistance and reduced anthracnose and stem-end rot

Toxicity potential in the extraneous compounds of white mulberry wood (Morus alba)

Fungal pathogens associated with pre‐ And postharvest fruit rots of mango in southern Iran

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