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Cited by 39 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…Clostridium botulinum , an anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, produces a neurotoxin called botulinum toxin (BoNT) during sporulation [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. BoNT is the most potent biological toxin, as it causes botulism manifested by paralysis of muscles and eventual fatal respiratory failure [ 4 , 5 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clostridium botulinum , an anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, produces a neurotoxin called botulinum toxin (BoNT) during sporulation [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. BoNT is the most potent biological toxin, as it causes botulism manifested by paralysis of muscles and eventual fatal respiratory failure [ 4 , 5 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Light chain is a zinc-containing protease that acts by binding to proteins that play a role in the mechanism of acetylcholine release (SNAP-25, syntaxine synaptobevin-VAMP). In cultures, BoNTs bind to other proteins to form protein complexes weighing 300-900 kDa [21,22]. Some BoNTs are not inactivated by enzymes in the intestine but are absorbed in the upper part of the neuromuscular junction and inhibit the release of acetylcholine.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dysfunctions of these pathways may explain the observed reversible changes in mental state as delirium, hallucinations, and smell function in COVID-19 patients. This effect may also mimic the effect of botulinum toxin, which acts by entering the cytosol and cleaving the SNARE proteins ( Rossetto et al, 2020 ). VAMP2, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25 take a role in both spontaneous and active neurotransmitter release ( Kadkova et al, 2019 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%