Signal Transduction by Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: Pathways and Chemical Principles

Microridges are highly distinctive “fingerprint”‐patterned structures situated on the outer surface of superficial layer cells of the epithelium. An F‐actin‐based cytoskeleton is the underlying core structural component of microridges. The basis for much of what is known about microridges has been provided by in vivo and in vitro fish epithelial systems. Nonetheless the microridge literature is quite small, especially when compared with other actin‐based cellular structures such as those involved in cell motility. A PubMed search of the terms “Microridges” yields 261 citations from the mid‐1970s to the writing of this review. “Microplicae,” an alternative name for microridges, and “Actin Microridges” search terms give 204 and 8 references, respectively, in the same time period. By comparison a search of “Lamellipodia” over the same time period yields over 6,400 citations for this important motility structure while a search of the associated “filopodia” results in close to 7,300 articles. Despite the near‐ubiquity of microridges in epithelia across species the study of these structures has clearly been neglected. In‐depth analysis of microridge molecular composition is very limited while their function remains unclear. This review draws upon information derived from studies of fish as well as mammalian species to provide a more comprehensive view of these structures. The wide‐spread distribution of these structures between species and various tissues indicate the microridges have important and common functions in healthy organisms. Conversely, disease conditions may show alterations in microridge structure and function and thus warrant further investigation. Anat Rec, 301:2037–2050, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Tyrosine nitration as a key event of signal transduction that regulates functional state of the cell

Sabadashka

Nagalievska

Sybirna

2020

Cell Biology International

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This review is dedicated to the role of nitration of proteins by tyrosine residues in physiological and pathological conditions. First of all, we analyze the biochemical evidence of peroxynitrite formation and reactions that lead to its formation, types of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) induced by reactive nitrogen species, as well as three biological pathways of tyrosine nitration. Then, we describe two possible mechanisms of protein nitration that are involved in intracellular signal transduction, as well as its interconnection with phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of tyrosine. Next part of the review is dedicated to the role of proteins nitration in different pathological conditions. In this section, special attention is devoted to the role of nitration in changes of functional properties of actin—protein that undergoes PTMs both in normal and pathological conditions. Overall, this review is devoted to the main features of protein nitration by tyrosine residue and the role of this process in intracellular signal transduction in basal and pathological conditions.

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Signal Transduction by Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: Pathways and Chemical Principles

Cited by 23 publications

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The Applications of Responsive Fluorescent Sensors to Biological Systems

The Applications of Responsive Fluorescent Sensors to Biological Systems

Actin Microridges

Tyrosine nitration as a key event of signal transduction that regulates functional state of the cell

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