Graphene‐Based Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Abstract

Graphene, a two-dimensional, single-layer sheet of sp(2) hybridized carbon atoms, has attracted tremendous attention and research interest, owing to its exceptional physical properties, such as high electronic conductivity, good thermal stability, and excellent mechanical strength. Other forms of graphene-related materials, including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and exfoliated graphite, have been reliably produced in large scale. The promising properties together with the ease of processibility and functionalization make graphene-based materials ideal candidates for incorporation into a variety of functional materials. Importantly, graphene and its derivatives have been explored in a wide range of applications, such as electronic and photonic devices, clean energy, and sensors. In this review, after a general introduction to graphene and its derivatives, the synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of graphene-based materials are discussed.

A low-temperature method to produce highly reduced graphene oxide

“…Graphene is typically prepared through mechanical cleavage or chemical methods. In particular, chemical exfoliation of graphene oxide (GO) either by ultrasonic dispersion or rapid thermal expansion followed by chemical reduction provides a low-cost and scalable method to produce bulk quantities of graphene flakes (or more commonly referred as reduced GO (RGO)) for possible applications in various fields including transparent conductors and energy-storage devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . To date, many reduction reagents, such as sodium hydride 10 , hydrogen sulphide 11 , hydrazine 12 , NaBH 4 (ref.…”

Solvent Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dispersibility of Exfoliated Nanosheets Varies Only Weakly between Compounds

“…These developments have been spearheaded by research into graphene, a material that is unique due to its combination of thermal, electronic, optical and mechanical properties. [1][2][3][4][5] However, over the last few years, it has become clear that a range of other inorganic layered compounds can be mechanically exfoliated in small quantities to give 2-dimensional nanosheets with interesting properties. [6][7][8][9][10] For example, exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride has been used as a dielectric support in graphene-based transistors 11 while MoS 2 has been fabricated into sensors 10,12 , transistors [13][14][15] and integrated circuits.…”

Two-dimensional NiCo2O4nanosheet-coated three-dimensional graphene networks for high-rate, long-cycle-life supercapacitors

“…[38][39][40][41][42][43][44] The high specific surface area of these 2D NS makes them very promising for energy storage applications, especially after they are coated onto 3DGN. As a typical electrode material for pseudocapacitors, NiCo 2 O 4 has been widely investigated in the past few years due to its ultrahigh specific capacitance (over 2000 F g −1 ).…”