PLGA nanospheres for the ocular delivery of flurbiprofen: Drug release and interactions

Design of cationic lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery: Development, characterization and cytotoxicity

“…According to the literature (Zimmer andKreuter, 1995, Shekunov et al, 2007), the Z-ave for ocular administration should be below 1 m with an associated narrow size distribution. Thus, all formulations revealed a Z-Ave and PI within accepted range (Fresta et al, 1999;Giannavola et al, 2003;Vega et al, 2008;Souto et al, 2010). As expected, the ZP did not vary, since all used reagents have non-ionic nature.…”

“…From the results depicted in Table 6 is possible to detect a slightly increase both in the Z-Ave and in the PI after 30 days of storage. During the period of analysis, CTAB-LN dispersions depicted particle sizes below 300 nm and PI ≤ 0.3, which are acceptable values for ocular delivery (Vega et al, 2008;Gonzalez-Mira et al, 2010;Souto et al, 2010;Gonzalez-Mira et al, 2011). The long-term stability studies confirmed that concentrations of CTAB up to 0.5 wt% could provide a better electrostatic repulsion between particles in suspension and from this suggestion provide better stability avoiding particle aggregation and/or flocculation.…”

Role of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on freeze-dried and gamma-irradiated PLGA and PLGA–PEG diblock copolymer nanospheres for ophthalmic flurbiprofen delivery

“…Treatment with these systems increases bioavailability, reduces administration frequency, and promotes drug targeting to specific sites. 4,5 Moreover, NSs have the advantage of offering a sustained release of the drug entrapped in the polymeric matrix, so that the required tear levels and therapeutic effects can be achieved. 6 Although a different number of polymers have been investigated for formulating biodegradable NSs, aliphatic polyesters such as poly(D-lactic acid) (PLA) and its copolymers with glycolic acid (PLGA) have been extensively used for controlled drug-delivery systems due to many favorable characteristics such as good biocompatibility, their ability to degrade into natural metabolites, and their safety profile for human use.…”

Nonpolymeric nanoassemblies for ocular administration of acyclovir: Pharmacokinetic evaluation in rabbits

“…We selected a prodrug that would increase the lipophilic character of acyclovir, optimizing its permeation through the cornea, and simultaneously the appropriate nanotechnology to provide prolonged release of acyclovir at the absorption site. Each of these approaches has been widely studied: macromolecular complex, amino acid ester, and dipeptide prodrugs of acyclovir were found to be more stable, more soluble, and capable of improving the bioavailability of ACV after oral and ocular administration [17], [19], [20], [21], [38] and [39], and colloidal carriers have been widely exploited to enhance corneal permeation, control drug release at the absorption site, and obtain a selective target of acyclovir [35], [40] and [41].…”