Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices: Properties, Architecture, and Fabrication Methods

Abstract

As the need for green energy increases, particularly solar energy, perovskite‐based devices have become a promising alternative to more complex, costly semiconductor‐based photovoltaic devices. The major advantage of perovskite‐based devices is their relatively facile fabrication as a thin film at fairly low temperatures and their tunable optoelectronic properties. The chemical composition of perovskite structures, solvent and heat treatments used in processing, additives, and deposition methods produce films with different morphologies. Their ability to be used with other organic and inorganic subcells makes them a useful component for an efficient, cost‐effective approach to harvest solar energy. This review presents some of the latest approaches and considerations for the fabrication, architecture, and performance of perovskite‐based solar cells. Various perovskite device architectures are discussed, as well as the effects of environmental conditions on performance and degradation.

One-Dimensional Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Several studies have found that the diffusion length of photogenerated electrons in halide perovskites is lower than that of photogenerated holes as shown in Figure 4 , which calls for the application of nanostructured ETLs in perovskite solar cells [ 53 , 54 ]. 1D-NS offer a large surface area and the possibility of confinement of phonons and charge carriers, which leads to distinct electrical, optical and structural properties when contrasted with those of bulk materials.…”

Improving the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Through Solvent Vapor Annealing‐based Morphology Control of the Hole‐Transport Layer

“…The reduced interfacial defect creation due to the improved contact between the perovskite and spiro‐OMeTAD could suppress carrier traps . As a result, the slightly enhanced V oc can be explained by the Shockley equation …”

One-step method for the fabrication of high-quality perovskite thin-films under ambient conditions: Stability, morphological, optical, and electrical evaluation

“…Figure 13 Optical properties of hybrid perovskites: a) absorbance spectra of different perovskite materials and b) comparison of absorption coefficient between a perovskite compound and several inorganic compounds employed in solar cells [54] .…”

“…al. [54] reported a series of values for the diffusion coefficient and diffusion length of the photogenerated species (see Table 1) for different hybrid perovskite materials. It can be noticed that there is a large variation depending on the material studied.…”