2012
DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200150
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Abstract: The synthesis of 3-substituted indoles was investigated through a multicomponent reaction (MCR) approach by using aldehydes, indole and malononitrile as the reagents. The reaction was catalyzed by Lewis acidic Zn(salphen) complexes and their performance was compared with a number of other Zn II structures and M(salphen)s, which showed the Zn(salphen)s to be superior. However, the complex nature of this three-component reaction (3-CR) results in substantial byproduct formation that arises from the intermediate … Show more

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Cited by 27 publications
(17 citation statements)
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References 29 publications
(28 reference statements)
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“…36 Existing protocols for the preparation of substituted indoles such as 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)malononitrile suffer from disadvantages including long reaction times, high temperatures and the requirement for stoichiometric catalyst quantities, or deliver unsatisfactory yields or utilize homogeneous catalysts with associated product separation issues. [37][38][39][40] New active, low cost catalysts employing earth abundant elements are thus sought for operation under mild reaction conditions.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…36 Existing protocols for the preparation of substituted indoles such as 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)malononitrile suffer from disadvantages including long reaction times, high temperatures and the requirement for stoichiometric catalyst quantities, or deliver unsatisfactory yields or utilize homogeneous catalysts with associated product separation issues. [37][38][39][40] New active, low cost catalysts employing earth abundant elements are thus sought for operation under mild reaction conditions.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Literature reports indicate that among the various approaches applied for the synthesis of 3‐substituted indoles, Mannich‐type reaction between benzaldehyde, secondary/primary amines and indole is the most useful . Many homogeneous catalysts, such as complexes of Cu or Zn and tetra butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) have been used to catalyze synthesis of substituted indoles . However, recyclability issues, consumption of organic solvents, long reaction times and tedious work up render these protocols less sustainable.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Multi-component synthesis of 3-substituted indoles and indolyl-4H-chromenes have been achieved using few catalysts such as Zn(salphen) complex, 14 N,N1-dioxide Zn(II) complex, 15 copper (II) sulfonato salen complex, 16 and tetrabutylammonium fluoride. 17 These methods have disadvantages including usage of metal based catalysts, which results either metal contamination in the products or more waste generation from the reaction mixture or usage of organic solvents and toxic reagents with complicated work up procedures.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%