From primordial germ cell to primordial follicle: mammalian female germ cell development

Pepling, Melissa E.

doi:10.1002/dvg.20258

Cited by 301 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…As is well known, meiosis in mouse oocytes begins at around embryonic day 13.5 and it is arrested at diplotene stage of meiosis I [23,24]. These findings suggest Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Epab and Pabpc1 are differentially expressed in the postnatal mouse ovaries

Öztürk

Sözen

Demır

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose Embryonic poly(A)-binding protein (EPAB) and poly(A)-binding protein, cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) bind poly(A) tails of mRNAs and mediate their translational regulation in germ cells and early preimplantation embryos. Although expression patterns and possible functions of the Epab and Pabpc1 genes have been examined in vertebrate germ cells and early embryos, their expression levels and cellular localizations in the postnatal mouse ovaries remained elusive. Methods In the present study, we first aimed to characterize expression levels of the Epab and Pabpc1 genes in the prepubertal (1-, 2-, and 3-week old), pubertal (4-, 5-, and 6-week old), postpubertal (16-week and 18-week old), and aged (52-, 60-, and 72-week old) mouse ovaries by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Epab mRNA was predominantly expressed in the prepubertal ovaries when compared to later developmental periods. However, Pabpc1 transcript was highly generated in the prepubertal and pubertal mouse ovaries except for 1-week old ovary than those of other developmental terms. In the prepubertal mouse ovaries, RNA in situ hybridization localized both Epab and Pabpc1 transcripts in the cytoplasm of oocytes and granulosa cells of all follicular stages. Consistently, Epab and Pabpc1 gene expression were detected in the cumulus cells and MII oocytes obtained from cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). Ovarian follicle counting in the postnatal ovaries revealed that total number of follicles was higher in the prepubertal ovaries in comparison with later stages of development. Conclusion As a result, Epab and Pabpc1 expression exhibit differences at postnatal ovary development stages and both genes are transcribed in the granulosa cells and oocytes. These findings suggest that EPAB may predominantly play roles in translational regulation of the mRNAs during early oogenesis and folliculogenesis, but PABPC1 most likely perform these roles in the later terms of ovarian development along with EPAB protein.

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“…As is well known, meiosis in mouse oocytes begins at around embryonic day 13.5 and it is arrested at diplotene stage of meiosis I [23,24]. These findings suggest Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Epab and Pabpc1 are differentially expressed in the postnatal mouse ovaries

Öztürk

Sözen

Demır

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…Around the time of birth, the enclosed oocytes arrest in meiotic prophase I at diplotene and become primordial follicles (Fig. 5) with the entire process of follicle formation being complete by postnatal day PN7 (Kerr et al 2006, Pepling 2006. The process of human primordial follicle endowment is analogous, with the peak in germ cell number at midgestation, and the completion of primordial follicle assembly before birth (Motta et al 1997).…”

Section: Establishment Of the Ovarian Pool Of Primordial Folliclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in the germ line

Aitken¹,

Findlay²,

Hutt³

et al. 2011

Reproduction

150

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Apoptosis is a critical process for regulating both the size and the quality of the male and female germ lines. In this review, we examine the importance of this process during embryonic development in establishing the pool of spermatogonial stem cells and primordial follicles that will ultimately define male and female fertility. We also consider the importance of apoptosis in controlling the number and quality of germ cells that eventually determine reproductive success. The biochemical details of the apoptotic process as it affects germ cells in the mature gonad still await resolution, as do the stimuli that persuade these cells to commit to a pathway that leads to cell death. Our ability to understand and ultimately control the reproductive potential of male and female mammals depends upon a deeper understanding of these fundamental processes.

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“…All but one of these cells serve as nurse cells and nutrients are transported to the single surviving oocyte while the remaining cells succumb to apoptosis. In mammals, developing oocytes are also interconnected and occur in cysts (Pepling 2006 ;Pepling andSpradling 1998, 2001 ) . At around birth two thirds of oocytes die by apoptosis and surviving oocytes form primordial follicles.…”

Section: Why Do Cells Die By Physiological Germ Cell Apoptosis and Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ Cell Apoptosis and DNA Damage Responses

Bailly

Gartner

2012

Germ Cell Development in C. Elegans

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In the past 12 years, since the fi rst description of C. elegans germ cell apoptosis, this area of research rapidly expanded. It became evident that multiple genetic pathways lead to the apoptotic demise of germ cells. We are only beginning to understand how these pathways that all require the CED-9/Bcl-2, Apaf-1/CED-4 and CED-3 caspase core apoptosis components are regulated. Physiological apoptosis, which likely accounts for the elimination of more than 50% of all germ cells, even in unperturbed conditions, is likely to be required to maintain tissue homeostasis. The best-studied pathways lead to DNA damage-induced germ cell apoptosis in response to a variety of genotoxic stimuli. This apoptosis appears to be regulated similar to DNA damage-induced apoptosis in the mouse germ line and converges on p53 family transcription factors. DNA damage response pathways not only lead to apoptosis induction, but also directly affect DNA repair, and a transient cell cycle arrest of mitotic germ cells. Finally, distinct pathways activate germ cell apoptosis in response to defects in meiotic recombination and meiotic chromosome pairing.

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From primordial germ cell to primordial follicle: mammalian female germ cell development

Cited by 301 publications

References 146 publications

Epab and Pabpc1 are differentially expressed in the postnatal mouse ovaries

Epab and Pabpc1 are differentially expressed in the postnatal mouse ovaries

Apoptosis in the germ line

Germ Cell Apoptosis and DNA Damage Responses

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