Lymph node density is a significant predictor of outcome in patients with oral cancer

Gil, Ziv; Carlson, Diane L.; Boyle, Jay O.; Kraus, Dennis H.; Shah, Jatin P.; Shaha, Ashok R.; Singh, Bhuvanesh; Wong, Richard J.; Patel, Snehal G.

doi:10.1002/cncr.24631

Cited by 196 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…2,18 CT and MRI examinations are the most significant methods of diagnostic imaging in the preoperative staging of head and neck tumors, because they provide information on the extent of the lesion, infiltration of large vessels and lymph node metastasis, thereby facilitating treatment planning and prognosis. [12][13][14]19 During the preoperative phase of a patient's squamous cell carcinoma, CT scans are essential for evaluating the primary lesion and the possibility of bone invasion, and especially for defining involvement in cervical lymph node chains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staging, which can be defined as the quantification of the clinical parameters of the disease, helps in making therapeutic decisions and in establishing a prognosis for the patient. [1][2][3]5,6 The TNM system classifies the anatomical extent of the disease in any part of the body, by using clinical observation and histological and surgical complementation, or diagnostic imaging methods.…”

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3,7 In cases of clinically negative necks (N0), the clinical examination may present up to a 40% failure rate in detecting lymph node metastases. 2,3,8,9 A combination of clinical and imaging examinations is essential for detecting metastatic lymph nodes and establishing the prognosis. 10,11 Of the imaging modalities, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) seem to be the most appropriate for the pre-therapeutic staging of head and neck tumors, because they provide information on the extent of the lesion, infiltration of large vessels and metastases in lymph nodes.…”

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Incidence and mortality rates vary from one country to another and even within countries, because of differences in customs, especially tobacco use and alcohol consumption, environmental factors and the quality of medical care. 4 Oral cancer is diagnosed after clinical examination, biopsy and anatomic pathology examination of the lesion have been carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral cancer staging established by magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2011

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The aim of this study was to compare clinical staging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staging for oral cancer, and to assess inter-observer agreement between oral and medical radiologists. A total of 10 patients diagnosed with oral cancer were assessed before treatment. A head and neck surgeon performed clinical TNM staging. Two medical radiologists and two oral radiologists performed a new staging assessment by interpreting MRI scans, without prior knowledge of the clinical staging. They evaluated the extent of the primary tumor (T), metastasis to regional lymph nodes (N) and grouping by stages. The data were analyzed using the Kappa Index. There was significant agreement (p < 0.05) between the clinical and MRI staging assessments made by one oral radiologist for N stage, and between those made by one medical radiologist for the T and N stages and for the grouping by stages. In the MRI assessment, there was significant agreement among all four observers for both T stage and grouping by stages. For the N stage, there was no significant agreement between one oral radiologist and one medical radiologist or between both medical radiologists. There was significant agreement among the remaining radiologists. There was no agreement between the clinical and MRI staging. These results indicate the importance of using MRI for the diagnosis of oral cancer. Training initiatives and calibration of medical and oral radiologists should be promoted to provide an improved multidisciplinary approach to oral cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral cancer staging established by magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2011

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Significant Invasion of the Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle in Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil

Park¹,

Lee²,

Joo³

et al. 2012

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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To determine whether invasion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle in early squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil is correlated with lymph node metastasis. Design: Retrospective analysis of medical records and pathology specimens. Setting: Tertiary care referral center. Patients: Forty-eight patients who were diagnosed as having T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil and who underwent surgery. They were divided into 2 groups: an invasive group with invasion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle and a noninvasive group without invasion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Main Outcome Measures: Comparison of regional metastasis, 5-year locoregional recurrence, and 5-year disease-specific survival between the 2 groups. Results: Invasion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle was found in 36 patients (75%) with T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil. The rate of lymph node metas

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