Biomass‐derived Carbon Quantum Dots – A Review. Part 1: Preparation and Characterization

Abstract

The preparation of nanostructured carbon materials from chosen biomass through hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis processes by optimizing the reaction conditions is one of the bases for applying the product in certain of the development activities. The finished product more or less reflects the raw material and the way of preparation. Among the many products, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained importance due to their bolstered characteristics and facile preparation. CQDs are zero‐dimensional (0D) nanomaterials which attracted attention in the recent past due to their excellent water solubility, unique optical properties, good electrical conductivity, eco‐friendliness, and biocompatibility. Small‐sized CQDs offer high surface area per unit volume, strong tunable fluorescence, photo‐luminescent emissions, and semiconducting properties. In this paper, identification of ideal raw materials, process parameters being followed in the preparation of CQDs through hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis techniques, and the properties of the resultant CQDs commensurate with the nature of process are reviewed.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanisms of carbon dots: a review

“…Porins contribute to the transport of polysaccharides, which are used to form the EPS layer. As biofilms mature, bacteria also begin to communicate among themselves by secreting self-induced signals, 88 i.e. , quorum sensing.…”

“…Porins contribute to the transport of polysaccharides, which are used to form the EPS layer. As biofilms mature, bacteria also begin to communicate among themselves by secreting selfinduced signals, 88 i.e., quorum sensing. Biofilms are divided into ''communities'', each of which is responsible for a specific task, so this communication is essential.…”

Functional Carbon from Nature: Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials and the Recent Progress of Their Applications

“…For instance, the photoluminescence nature of 0D BCMs enables their applications in bio-imaging and nano-medicine. [95,96] BCMs with the 1D structure are advantageous to energy storage devices such as supercapacitors because of their continuous electron transport path, good mechanical properties and high ion-accessible surface area for charge aggregation. [97,98] 2D sheetlike BCMs are considered as the ideal framework for electrodes in lithium-ion batteries because of their short solid-state diffusion distance for Li ions during charge and discharge processes in the confined spaces between stacks.…”

Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials as an Emerging Platform for Advanced Electrochemical Sensors: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

“…0D carbons such as fullerenes and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been extensively utilized in various fields such as water treatment, due to their mechanical robustness and ability to restrict volumetric changes . Recently, 0D CQDs have been designed to address the shortcomings of inorganic quantum dots (QDs) . Because of their high carbon content, CQDs were successfully synthesized from biomass wastes (agricultural residues, food waste, municipal solid waste, etc.)…”

“…27 Recently, 0D CQDs have been designed to address the shortcomings of inorganic quantum dots (QDs). 28 Because of their high carbon content, CQDs were successfully synthesized from biomass wastes (agricultural residues, food waste, municipal solid waste, etc.). 29 However, the process of refining them from raw biomass is time-consuming.…”