State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory

Spielberger, Charles D.

doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0942

Cited by 1,064 publications

(1,689 citation statements)

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“…Second, ATA was measured in a state rather than trait format. Third, another state anger measure was added, the State Anger scale from the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2; Spielberger, 1999). The STAXI-2 State Anger scale was created to measure situationally determined anger, and it contains items such as "I am furious" and "I feel like swearing."…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PANAS positive activation is associated with anger.

Harmon‐Jones

Abramson

et al. 2009

Emotion

147

132

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As a prototypic negative emotion, anger would seem to have little in common with positive activation, as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; D. Watson, L. A. Clark, & A. Tellegen, 1988). However, growing evidence suggests that both anger and positive affect are associated with approach motivation. This suggests the counterintuitive hypotheses that positive affect should be increased by anger-evoking situations, and that positive affect and anger should be directly correlated in such situations. Four studies tested and supported these hypotheses. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results.Keywords: anger, approach motivation, positive affect, PANAS Some dimensional models of emotion postulate that positive affect is directly associated with approach motivation, whereas negative affect is directly associated with withdrawal motivation (e.g., Watson, 2000). In this article, we examine how anger, an approach-oriented, negatively valenced affect, relates to positive activation (PA), which has also been linked to approach motivation (Watson, 2000). PA is measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), one of the key measures used in tests of these dimensional models. More important, we tested the relationship during the experience of anger. If anger relates directly to PA, this would have implications for the structure of emotion and motivation. It would also suggest that the PANAS does not provide a pure measure of positivity, and this would have implications for the interpretation of research using the PANAS.The linking of affective valence with motivational direction may be appropriate for most affects. Joy, interest, and enthusiasm are positive affects that appear to be associated with approach motivation. Similarly, disgust, fear, and anxiety are negative affects that appear to be associated with withdrawal motivation. Most past research has examined these affects.Far less research has been conducted on anger, an affect that violates the direct linking of affective valence and approach motivation. Indeed, according to recent research, anger is a negative affect associated with approach motivational tendencies (for review, see Carver & Harmon-Jones, in press). Thus, in contrast to the theoretical idea that approach motivation is only associated with positive affect, we propose that approach motivation also involves certain negative affects, particularly anger. Consequently, if the PA measure of the PANAS taps approach motivation rather than purely positive activation, it should be related to anger even though PA and anger seem to have different valences. Watson (2000) suggested that positive activation reflects activation of the approach motivational system. He wrote, . . . a growing body of evidence has suggested that negative mood experience is part of a larger Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), whereas positive mood experience is linked to what has variously been called the Behavioral Activation System, Behavioral Engagement...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PANAS positive activation is associated with anger.

Harmon‐Jones

Abramson

et al. 2009

Emotion

147

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The STAXI-2 is a self-report instrument that examines the experience and expression of anger (Spielberger, 1996).. The Spanish version of the STAXI-2 comprises 49 items and entales six scales and seven subscales: State Anger; Trait Anger; Anger Control; Anger Expression-In; Anger Expression-Out and Anger Expression.…”

Section: State-trait Anger Expression Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger in Pathological Gambling: Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Correlates

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to explore the association between pathological gambling (PG) and anger by assessing whether psychopathology and personality are related to PG and to evaluate gender differences. The sample comprised 71 PGs and 37 healthy controls. Anger, psychopathology and personality were assessed with the STAXI-2, SCL-90-R and TCI-R respectively. Gender did not affect anger expression after stratifying by diagnostic condition (p > .05). Among PG patients, anger, psychopathology and personality measures were correlated with good effect-size (r > .30). Scores in the Anger Temperament (B = 0.21, p = .038) and Anger External-Expression (B = 0.27, p = .029) scales were positively associated with PG severity scores. Anger expression in PG should be considered in future treatment programs.

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“…Three items from the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI; Spielberger, 1988) were used as a brief assessment of anger and hostility symptoms. Participants were asked how many days in the past week (0-7) they had experienced certain symptoms, for example, "how many days in the past week did you feel angry/hostile for several hours at a time?"…”

Section: H O S T I L I T Y S C a L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and tenacious goal pursuit lead to improving well-being in an aging population: a ten-year cohort study

Kelly

Wood

Mansell

2012

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Background:Previous research has shown that tendencies to tenaciously pursue goals and flexibly adapt goals independently relate to well-being in adults in mid-to-late life, but research has not tested whether these tendencies interact. For example, tenacity may only predict well-being in combination with flexibility. This research tests whether these tendencies interact to predict changes in health-related outcomes.

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State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory

Cited by 1,064 publications

References 2 publications

PANAS positive activation is associated with anger.

PANAS positive activation is associated with anger.

Anger in Pathological Gambling: Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Correlates

Flexible and tenacious goal pursuit lead to improving well-being in an aging population: a ten-year cohort study

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