Weed and Invasive Plant Management Approaches, Methods, and Tools

Radosevich, Steven R.; Holt, Jodie S.; Ghersa, Claudio M.

doi:10.1002/9780470168943.ch7

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…It can be challenging to assess morphoanatomical traits of a large number of genotypes, if only limited staff and equipment is available. Radosevich et al (2007) described the importance of plant vigorous early development for competition against weeds and other plant species. In general terms, those who emerge first and grow faster will take the lead and use most of the environmental and input resources available (Fageria & Moreira, 2011;Zain et al, 2014), considering a community leading strategy based on dominance (Avolio et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution For Improvement Of Rice Breeding Programs Through Morphoanatomical Traits

Concenço

Brito²,

Fagundes³

et al. 2022

JAS

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Breeding programs aim to increase grain yield and quality through selection oriented mostly by morphological and productive traits. Although morphoanatomical traits are preponderant for plant performance, they are usually time-consuming, demanding specific equipment and trained personnel. The aim of the study is to establish relationships among morphological, micromorphological and anatomical traits of rice genotypes, to support rice breeders in choosing variables to be assessed in the search for superior rice genotypes. We assessed morphological (2nd leaf and root lengths, tiller and root number), micromorphological (vein density, intervein distance, stomatal density and opening width) and anatomical (area of sclerenchyma, xylem and phloem vessels, and percentage of aerenchyma) traits. Root number and length, area of sclerenchyma and xylem and phloem vessels are proposed to be the most efficient traits to be assessed in detailed studies aiming to identify superior genotypes in rice breeding programs, from the morphophysiological point of view.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution For Improvement Of Rice Breeding Programs Through Morphoanatomical Traits

Concenço

Brito²,

Fagundes³

et al. 2022

JAS

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Persistence of triclopyr, dicamba, and picloram in the environment following aerial spraying for control of dense pine invasion

Rolando,

Scott,

Baillie

et al. 2023

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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Aerial application of a herbicide mixture of triclopyr, dicamba, picloram and aminopyralid is used to control dense infestations of exotic conifers, notably lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas), in New Zealand (NZ). The rates of herbicide applied to control these tree-weeds has the potential for off-target impacts through persistence in the forest floor, soil and water. Persistence of three of these herbicides was investigated in cast needles, forest floor (litter, fermented humic layer: LFH) and soil following their operational aerial application (triclopyr:18 kg a.i. ha-1; dicamba: 5 kg a.i. ha-1; picloram: 2 kg a.i. ha-1) at three sites across NZ (KF, MD, GE) with dense invasions of P. contorta. Water was collected from a local stream at two sites (KF, MD) in the days/months after spraying. Active ingredients detected across all sites in cast needles, LFH and mineral soil generally reflected their application rate, with total amounts comprising 81% triclopyr, 14% dicamba and 5% picloram. Most of the active ingredients were detected in the LFH (59%), a heavy lignin-rich layer of dead needles overlaying the soil. All three herbicides persisted in this layer, at all sites, for up to 2 years (at study termination). Only triclopyr was detected in mineral soil where it declined to below detection levels (0.2 mg kg-1) within one year. All three herbicides were detected in stream water on the day of spray application at KF, and during a rainfall event one month later. However, amounts did not exceed NZ environmental and drinking water standards, an outcome attributed to a 30 m no-spray buffer zone used at this site. At MD, herbicides were detectable in water up to four months after spraying, with amounts exceeding NZ drinking water standards on one occasion, one month after spray application. No spray buffer zones were used at the MD site.

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Weed and Invasive Plant Management Approaches, Methods, and Tools

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Contribution For Improvement Of Rice Breeding Programs Through Morphoanatomical Traits

Contribution For Improvement Of Rice Breeding Programs Through Morphoanatomical Traits

Persistence of triclopyr, dicamba, and picloram in the environment following aerial spraying for control of dense pine invasion

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