(α‐Haloalkyl)boronic Esters in Asymmetric Synthesis

Abstract

The utility of (α-haloalkyl)boronic esters in asymmetric synthesis results from a unique combination of several features of their chemistry. A wide variety of products can be obtained in very high stereopurity, and the reactions are compatible with a considerable variety of functional substituents, provided that OH and NH groups are masked. Stereospecific displacement of halide from an (α-haloalkyl)boronic ester with a nucleophile yields an asymmetric boronic ester, which can either be converted stereospecifically into another product such as an alcohol or put into another cycle of reaction with (dihalomethyl)lithium to install additional stereocenters. The general synthetic utility of these boronic esters can best be understood from a detailed outline of the general processes involved.The most useful biological applications of these compounds have included the synthesis of some asymmetric insect pheromones in very high stereopurity, described in Sections 8.3.1 and 8.3.3, and the proteasome inhibitor "Velcade™" (bortezomib) developed by Millennium Pharmaceuticals and recently approved by the United States FDA as well as the European Union for treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, Section 8.3.6. General Description of (α-Haloalkyl)boronic Ester Chemistry A Brief History of Boronic Ester ChemistryFirst, simple achiral boronic acids and esters are readily available from various sources (Chapter 1). The first synthesis from an organozinc reagent preceded general acceptance of Avogadro's hypothesis [1], and was superseded nearly a century ago by the now standard preparation from Grignard reagents [2,3]. Hydroboration has Boronic Acids. Edited by Dennis G. Hall

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