1/f noise in CMOS transistors for analog applications

Nemirovsky, Y.; Brouk, Igor; Jakobson, C.G.

doi:10.1109/16.918240

Cited by 135 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…is usually dominated by flicker (1/ ) noise up to relatively high frequencies of the order of several tens of kHz [21]. This is particularly troublesome for the design of low frequency, low noise analog circuits.…”

Section: Clock-based Techniques the Noise In Cmos Transistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Microelectronics for Implantable Medical Devices

Demosthenous

2014

Advances in Electronics

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Implantable medical devices provide therapy to treat numerous health conditions as well as monitoring and diagnosis. Over the years, the development of these devices has seen remarkable progress thanks to tremendous advances in microelectronics, electrode technology, packaging and signal processing techniques. Many of today's implantable devices use wireless technology to supply power and provide communication. There are many challenges when creating an implantable device. Issues such as reliable and fast bidirectional data communication, efficient power delivery to the implantable circuits, low noise and low power for the recording part of the system, and delivery of safe stimulation to avoid tissue and electrode damage are some of the challenges faced by the microelectronics circuit designer. This paper provides a review of advances in microelectronics over the last decade or so for implantable medical devices and systems. The focus is on neural recording and stimulation circuits suitable for fabrication in modern silicon process technologies and biotelemetry methods for power and data transfer, with particular emphasis on methods employing radio frequency inductive coupling. The paper concludes by highlighting some of the issues that will drive future research in the field.

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Section: Clock-based Techniques the Noise In Cmos Transistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Microelectronics for Implantable Medical Devices

Demosthenous

2014

Advances in Electronics

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“…The overall input-referred noise is cupshaped; at higher frequencies the gain decreases and the minimum input noise occurs near the second pole of the amplifier. In Fig 5, S N chop is plotted for the first 30 terms of series of the equation in (8). At low frequencies the noise for the chopper amplifier is white and starts to increase as the frequency approaches the chopping frequency.…”

Section: A Theoretical Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Chopper Modulation Improves OTA Information Transmission

Nelson

Abshire

2007

2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

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Abstract-We have investigated information transmission in operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA) using chopper modulation. Previous work showed that the optimal frequency bandwidth for an OTA was much higher than typical operating frequencies. Here we analyze the information transfer rates for a folded cascode amplifier and a chopper modulated folded cascode amplifier using the principles of information theory. The frequency transfer characteristic and intrinsic physical noise source of each device is modeled using process dependent noise parameters and the waterfilling technique is applied to determine the capacity as well as information rates for low frequency signals. Simulations are experimentally verified using circuits fabricated in a commercially available 3-metal, 2-poly 0.5 µm CMOS process.

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“…Flicker noise is one to two orders of magnitude smaller for PMOS devices than NMOS devices [15]. We therefore use PMOS input devices for all amplifiers.…”

Section: B Ota Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Micropower Electrocardiogram Amplifier

Fay

Misra

Sarpeshkar

2009

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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Abstract-We introduce an electrocardiogram (EKG) preamplifier with a power consumption of 2.8 W, 8.1 V rms input-referred noise, and a common-mode rejection ratio of 90 dB. Compared to previously reported work, this amplifier represents a significant reduction in power with little compromise in signal quality. The improvement in performance may be attributed to many optimizations throughout the design including the use of subthreshold transistor operation to improve noise efficiency, gain-setting capacitors versus resistors, half-rail operation wherever possible, optimal power allocations among amplifier blocks, and the sizing of devices to improve matching and reduce noise. We envision that the micropower amplifier can be used as part of a wireless EKG monitoring system powered by rectified radio-frequency energy or other forms of energy harvesting like body vibration and body heat.Index Terms-Common-mode feedback (CMFB), electrocardiograph (ECG), electrocardiogram (EKG), low noise, low power.

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1/f noise in CMOS transistors for analog applications

Cited by 135 publications

References 15 publications

Advances in Microelectronics for Implantable Medical Devices

Advances in Microelectronics for Implantable Medical Devices

Chopper Modulation Improves OTA Information Transmission

A Micropower Electrocardiogram Amplifier

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