1,000-Year Environmental History of Lake Issyk-Kul

Giralt, Santiago; Julià, Ramón; Klerkx, J.; Riera, Santiago; Leroy, Suzanne A.G.; Buchaca, Teresa; Catalán, Jordi; Batist, Marc De; Beck, Christian; Bobrov, Vladimir; Gavshin, V.M.; Калугин, И. А.; Sukhorukov, F. V.; Brennwald, Matthias S.; Kipfer, Rolf; Peeters, Frank; Lombardi, S.; Matychenkov, Vladimir; Romanovsky, V. V.; Podsetchine, V.; Voltattorni, N.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0967-6_10

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…An attempt to AMS 14 C date the top of core C087 was unsuccessful given the anomalous age of the core top sample. Nevertheless, occurrence of the same uppermost lithological unit in the two studied cores, which have roughly the same thicknesses as those found in previous cores that have been dated using 210 Pb [Giralt et al, 2004], suggests that the sediment-water interface was recovered in cores C142a and C087. This is supported by extrapolating linear accumulation rates upward from the uppermost radiocarbon date of each core.…”

Section: Stratigraphy Sedimentology and Age Models For The Studied supporting

confidence: 75%

“…The constructed age models indicate that the sedimentary records extend back to 1850 yr BC (core C142a) and 3700 yr BC (core C087), respectively. The resulting mean sedimentation rates (0.39 mm/yr and 0.23 mm/yr for cores C142a and C087, respectively) (Figure 2) are of the same order as sedimentation rates estimated for other cores from Lake Issyk‐Kul [ Giralt et al , 2004; Ricketts et al , 2001]. An attempt to AMS 14 C date the top of core C087 was unsuccessful given the anomalous age of the core top sample.…”

Section: Stratigraphy Sedimentology and Age Models For The Studied mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…One of the most noticeable features of the lake is the annual lake level oscillation of about 40 cm associated with the main precipitation peak and ice and snow melting (spring and summer) and ice and snow accumulation (autumn and winter) in the ice caps of the surrounding mountains. The sedimentary infill of Lake Issyk‐Kul consists of a mixture of lacustrine carbonates and riverine and eolian terrigenous sediments that record Miocene through Holocene deposition [ De Batist et al , 2002; Giralt et al , 2004]. In August 2000, two azimuthally unoriented continuous gravity cores, C142a (42°34′31.2″N, 77°20′03.0″E) and C087 (42°34′5.22″N, 77°20′10.44″E), were retrieved on board the R/V Moltur from the central northern shore of the lake at water depths of 150 and 312 m, respectively (Figure 1).…”

Section: Geological Setting and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on available sedimentologic data, the studied sediments can be interpreted as distal prodeltaic sediments that accumulated on the lake shelf. These sediments are mainly characterized by endogenic carbonates and variable contributions from both riverine (from the Jergueland and Tyup rivers) and eolian (from the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim basin and other sources) terrigenous material [ De Batist et al , 2002; Giralt et al , 2004].…”

Section: Stratigraphy Sedimentology and Age Models For The Studied mentioning

confidence: 99%

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First paleomagnetic results of mid‐ to late Holocene sediments from Lake Issyk‐Kul (Kyrgyzstan): Implications for paleosecular variation in central Asia

Gómez‐Paccard

Larrasoaña

Giralt

et al. 2012

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] We present new paleomagnetic and rock magnetic data from mid and late Holocene sediments recovered in two gravity cores (C087 and C142a) from Lake Issyk-Kul (central Asia), for which independent radiocarbon-based age models are available. Our results indicate that sediments from core C087 are characterized by fine (pseudo single domain) magnetite grains and are reliable recorders of Holocene geomagnetic paleosecular variation (PSV) in central Asia, which is a region with poor data coverage. Similarity is found between the core C087 PSV record, which spans the last 5700 years, and the Lake Baikal PSV record, which is the only published Holocene central Asian PSV record of comparable length with an independent radiocarbon-based chronology. Our new results represent a step forward in constructing a reference PSV curve for central Asia that can be used to date sedimentary sequences. These results can also be used to improve the reliability and accuracy of global geomagnetic field models. We have not been able to disentangle past environmental changes in the Lake Issyk-Kul region based on rock magnetic properties, probably because the magnetite and hematite in the studied sediments have a mixed (fluvial and eolian) terrigenous origin.

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Section: Stratigraphy Sedimentology and Age Models For The Studied supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Stratigraphy Sedimentology and Age Models For The Studied mentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Geological Setting and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stratigraphy Sedimentology and Age Models For The Studied mentioning

confidence: 99%

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First paleomagnetic results of mid‐ to late Holocene sediments from Lake Issyk‐Kul (Kyrgyzstan): Implications for paleosecular variation in central Asia

Gómez‐Paccard

Larrasoaña

Giralt

et al. 2012

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The Djyrgalan and Tjup rivers entering the lake from the east are its primary sources of water and sediment (De Batist et al, 2002). The lake has been endorheic for the past 150 years (Giralt et al, 2004) and was formerly drained by the Chu River (De Batist et al, 2002). Today the 'Kutemaldinsky threshold' (Grosswald et al, 1994) separates the river from the lake at 1620 m asl.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pleistocene outburst floods from Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan?

Rosenwinkel

Landgraf

Schwanghart

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Elevated shorelines and lake sediments surrounding Issyk Kul, the world's second largest mountain lake, record fluctuating lake levels during Quaternary times. Together with bathymetric and geochemical data, these markers document alternating phases of lake closure and external drainage. The uppermost level of lake sediments requires a former damming of the lake's western outlet through the Boam gorge. We test previous hypothesised ice or landslide dam failures by exploring possible links between late Quaternary lake levels and outbursts. We review and recompile the chronology of reported changes in lake site, and offer new ages of abandoned shorelines using 14C in bivalve and gastropod shells, and plant detritus, as well as sand lenses in delta and river sediments using Infrared Stimulated Luminescence. Our dates are consistent with elevated lake levels between ~45 ka and 22 ka. Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al exposure ages of fan terraces containing erratic boulders (>3 m) downstream of the gorge constrain the timing of floods to 20.5–18.5 ka, postdating a highstand of Issyk Kul. A flow‐competence analysis gives a peak discharge of >104 m3 s–1 for entraining and transporting these boulders. Palaeoflood modelling, however, shows that naturally dammed lakes unconnected to Issyk Kul could have produced such high discharges upon sudden emptying. Hence, although our data are consistent with hypotheses of catastrophic outburst floods, average lake‐level changes of up to 90 mm yr–1 in the past 150 years were highly variable without any outbursts, so that linking lake‐level drops to catastrophic dam breaks remains ambiguous using sedimentary archives alone. This constraint may readily apply to other Quaternary lakes of that size elsewhere. Nonetheless, our reconstructed Pleistocene floods are among the largest reported worldwide, and motivate further research into the palaeoflood hydrology of Central Asia. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Records of hydrological change and environmental disasters in sediments from deep Lake Issyk‐Kul

Wang

Zhan

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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In the context of global warming, the mountainous areas of Central Asia are sensitive to climate and environmental changes and are highly vulnerable to natural disasters.Here, we use high-resolution lacustrine grain-size and geochemical records from Lake Issyk-Kul to infer hydrological changes, environmental events, and their driving factors in the western Tianshan Mountains of Central Asia over the last 350 years. The regional hydrological and environmental changes can be divided into three phases. In stage I (1674-1860 AD), the values of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) were high, and the element contents changed indistinctively, suggesting that lake water levels were relatively stable. In Stage II (1860-2000 AD), the TOC and TN contents increased, the MS values decreased, and the grain size changed markedly, suggesting that water levels fluctuated dramatically.In Stage III (2000-2013 AD), the coarse particle and migratory element contents increased dramatically, indicating that regional rainfall and runoff increased and that the water level rose. Studies have also shown that the synchronous increases in sedimentary coarse particles, TOC and migratory elements indicate multiple flood events.Extreme floods have been frequent and intense in recent years, which indicates that the climate is generally warming, which is in good agreement with tree ring data, ice core records and other sediment records in alpine regions. Additionally, the lake sediments recorded a seismic event in approximately 1910 AD, which was consistent with historical documentation. Comparative analysis of records suggests that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation is one of the dominant factors driving climate and hydrological changes in the study area. Climate change, combined with natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes) and anthropogenic activities, is generating extreme floods and variations in hydrological patterns in the mountain basin. These findings can provide crucial information about sedimentary physicochemical clues for tracking past hydrological and environmental conditions and contribute to a better understanding of hydrological processes and driving factors in the mountainous areas of Central Asia.

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1,000-Year Environmental History of Lake Issyk-Kul

Abstract: Dying and dead seas : climatic versus anthropic causes; [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Dying and Dead Seas-Climatic versus Anthropic Causes,

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

First paleomagnetic results of mid‐ to late Holocene sediments from Lake Issyk‐Kul (Kyrgyzstan): Implications for paleosecular variation in central Asia

First paleomagnetic results of mid‐ to late Holocene sediments from Lake Issyk‐Kul (Kyrgyzstan): Implications for paleosecular variation in central Asia

Late Pleistocene outburst floods from Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan?

Records of hydrological change and environmental disasters in sediments from deep Lake Issyk‐Kul

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