0794 Marbling: Management of cattle to maximize the deposition of intramuscular adipose tissue

Smith, Stephen B.; Johnson, B. J.

doi:10.2527/jam2016-0794

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We know from previous work that marbling adipocytes tend to be relatively small [6] and comprising more saturated fatty acids [7] compared to those in the SC depot. Developmentally, marbling adipocytes are thought to arise from differentiation and lipid filling of fibroblasts within perimysial connective tissue [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression identifies metabolic and functional differences between intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes in cattle

Hudson

Reverter²,

Griffiths

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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Background: This study used a genome-wide screen of gene expression to better understand the metabolic and functional differences between commercially valuable intramuscular fat (IMF) and commercially wasteful subcutaneous (SC) fat depots in Bos taurus beef cattle. Results: We confirmed many findings previously made at the biochemical level and made new discoveries. The fundamental lipogenic machinery, such as ACACA and FASN encoding the rate limiting Acetyl CoA carboxylase and Fatty Acid synthase were expressed at 1.6-1.8 fold lower levels in IMF, consistent with previous findings. The FA elongation pathway including the rate limiting ELOVL6 was also coordinately downregulated in IMF compared to SC as expected. A 2-fold lower expression in IMF of ACSS2 encoding Acetyl Coenzyme A synthetase is consistent with utilisation of less acetate for lipogenesis in IMF compared to SC as previously determined using radioisotope incorporation. Reduced saturation of fat in the SC depot is reflected by 2.4 fold higher expression of the SCD gene encoding the Δ9 desaturase enzyme. Surprisingly, CH25H encoding the cholesterol 25 hydroxylase enzyme was3 6 fold upregulated in IMF compared to SC. Moreover, its expression in whole muscle tissue appears representative of the proportional representation of bovine marbling adipocytes. This suite of observations prompted quantification of a set of oxysterols (oxidised forms of cholesterol) in the plasma of 8 cattle exhibiting varying IMF. Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) we found the levels of several oxysterols were significantly associated with multiple marbling measurements across the musculature, but (with just one exception) no other carcass phenotypes. Conclusions: These data build on our molecular understanding of ruminant fat depot biology and suggest oxysterols represent a promising circulating biomarker for cattle marbling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression identifies metabolic and functional differences between intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes in cattle

Hudson

Reverter²,

Griffiths

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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“…Meanwhile, adipocyte differentiation mostly developed in fattening stage. Beef cattle stored most excess energy as fat, in the form of triacylglycerol (TG), which was then deposited in the pre-adipocytes (Smith & Johnson, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marbling is the visible intramuscular fat within a cross-section of meat, and is positively correlated with beef juiciness, perceived tenderness, and palatability (Wheeler et al, 1994;Albrecht et al, 2011). The intramuscular fat depositions of native Korean Hanwoo beef cattle increase by more than 30%, over the course of more than two decades (Smith & Johnson, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Adipocyte Determination and Adipocyte Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells Isolated From Intramuscular Tissue of Hanwoo Beef Cattle Treated by Acetate and Propionate

Wandita

Joshi

Kim

et al. 2018

Trop. Anim. Sci. J.

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The effects of acetate and propionate in enhancing intramuscular fat (marbling) deposition in beef cattle are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acetate and propionate on preadipocyte determination and adipocyte differentiation in stromal vascular cells (SVC) isolated from the intramuscular tissue of Hanwoo beef cattle. SVC were isolated and treated with different concentrations of acetate and propionate (0.125 to 1 mM). Pre-adipocyte determination was observed through the Zfp423 (Zinc finger protein 423) and Pref-1 (Pre-adipocyte factor-1) genes expressions, which were important transcription factors used to identify committed pre-adipocytes. Adipocyte differentiation was determined based on the lipid accumulation, triglyceride contents, and their molecular activities related to adipogenic markers. The results suggest that acetate supports pre-adipocyte determination in SVC which is observed to increase the expression of Zfp423 and Pref-1 along with the increasing acetate concentration. Propionate treatment was seen to significantly affect lipid accumulation as well as triglyceride content in SVC, compared to acetate treatment. Furthermore, propionate treatment very significantly increased the expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, and FABP4. In conclusion, acetate likely enhances pre-adipocyte determination, while propionate effectively promotes adipogenesis in SVC isolated from the intramuscular tissue of Hanwoo beef cattle.

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“…In the US, Smith and Johnson (2014) produced a “white paper” citing that as the concentration of intermuscular fats in beef loins increased the amount of MUFAs increased also. In particular, an increase in the healthier oleic acid was observed at the expense of SFAs in USDA Select beef (less marbled) and the MUFA / SFA ratio was 0.75 compared with 1.33 in the USDA Prime beef (more marbled).…”

Section: Health Implications Of Beef Consumption With High Degree Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Implications of Beef Intramuscular Fat Consumption

Troy¹,

Tiwari²,

Joo³

2016

Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources

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Despite several issues in relation to human health, beef is still a most popular meat product among large section of society due to the presence of high quality protein and other nutrients. The current paper reviews numerous studies that provide nutritional profiles and health implications of high marbled beef consumption. In relation to lipid content of beef, intramuscular fat contains high level of PUFA and MUFA compared to other beef fat. Level and composition of intramuscular fat varies depending on breed and feeding regime. Literature suggests that the marbling is more complex than the development of subcutaneous fat and marbling not only provides good fatty acids but also contributes to the higher eating quality of beef. Finally, the current work emphasize that meat plays a pivotal role in nutritious diets, high quality marbled beef is not only of excellent eating quality but also contain more beneficial fatty acids.

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0794 Marbling: Management of cattle to maximize the deposition of intramuscular adipose tissue

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

Gene expression identifies metabolic and functional differences between intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes in cattle

Gene expression identifies metabolic and functional differences between intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes in cattle

Pre-Adipocyte Determination and Adipocyte Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells Isolated From Intramuscular Tissue of Hanwoo Beef Cattle Treated by Acetate and Propionate

Health Implications of Beef Intramuscular Fat Consumption

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