α-Methylacyl Coenzyme A Racemase as a Marker for Prostate Cancer

Overexpression of NSAID-Activated Gene Product in Prostate Cancer

“…P540S expression was assessed in benign acini near cancer (prostatectomy and biopsy), in which 9% of cases were reactive. In benign prostates with no concomitant cancer (transurethral resection and biopsy), 16% of cases were reactive [20]. In contrast, NAG-1 was not reactive in the epithelium of prostates without cancer that we tested.…”

“…The search for positive markers for prostate cancer has identified some candidates, but all have limitations. Antibody to a racemase enzyme involved in fatty acid ,-oxidation, named P540S, is reactive in at least 82% [18] of prostate cancers on needle biopsy, with no grade dependence, but also stains benign acini at least weakly [19], and in 19% [20] to 28% [18] of cases. However, anti-P540S is not commercially available.…”

Peroxisomal branched chain fatty acid ?-oxidation pathway is upregulated in prostate cancer

“…Upregulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) has been observed in multiple cancers including those of the prostate and breast [9][10][11]23,24], and inhibitors of FAS have shown promising anti-tumor activity. Interestingly, the cancer selective cytotoxic effect of FAS inhibitors seems to rely on both the direct inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and the accumulation of malony-CoA, which inhibits acyl-CoA ester transportation into the mitochondrion [24].…”

α-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase Protein Expression Is Associated with the Degree of Differentiation in Breast Cancer Using Quantitative Image Analysis

“…Although AMACR has been extensively studied in the context of prostate cancer, there is little data on its expression and significance in breast adenocarcinomas, and a previous report consisted of too few cases to analyze its relationship to clinical and pathologic characteristics and prognostic factors (28). In prostate cancer, detection of AMACR by immunohistochemistry is useful to distinguish benign prostate glands from prostatic adenocarcinoma (6,(8)(9)(10)(11)29). AMACR is also expressed in early prostate cancer precursor lesions, such as Figure 1.…”

“…high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and has been suggested to be a harbinger alteration in the earliest phases of prostate cancer development (6,(8)(9)(10)(11)29). In contrast to prostate glands, we found, by immunofluorescence, that normal breast epithelium also expresses AMACR protein.…”