According to experts’ data, the war between Ukraine and Russia may become one of the bloodiest in modern history – the scale of losses on both sides is already much higher than in a typical war of the modern era. The objective: to determine the consequences of the war with the Russian Federation for the public health of Ukrainian population in the regions temporarily occupied by Russian army and located in the war zone.Materials and methods. The research materials were the data from scientific literature and personal practical experience in the organization of public health care. The method of the system approach, the bibliosemantic method and the method of structural and logical analysis were used. Results. The analysis of the was consequences with the Russian Federation for public health in the regions that are temporarily occupied and are located in the zone of active hostilities shows that they are complex and include medical-demographic, socio-economic and behavioral-biological groups. The main negative medico-demographic consequences include: an increase in the incidence of socially significant and infectious diseases, mental exhaustion with an increase in the level of psychological and mental problems with a high risk of post-traumatic stress disorder development with an increase in the general and premature mortality of the population without receiving medical help and self-medication and a high level of forced population migration. The main socio-economic consequences that negatively affect the state of public health include: the tragic loss of relative persons, housing and property, a decrease in the economic level of the population, the loss of social status of the large part of the population, a low level of access to the Internet and mobile communications connection or its complete absence (forced isolation), the significant damage of the infrastructure of the energy supply system for life, a low level of access to medical services and medicines. The main behavioral and biological consequences that negatively affect the state of public health include: the loss of previously stable conditions of quality life, living in unfavorable sanitary and hygienic conditions and in constant stress, the loss of motivation for behavior directed at a responsible attitude to personal health.Conclusions. The war with the Russian Federation has a significant negative impact on the state of public health in Ukraine.
Мета: визначити основні медико-демографічні проблеми України, які підлягають рішенню в межах діяльності системи громадського здоров’я країни. Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами дослідження слугували дані державної і галузевої статистичної звітності та оперативні дані Центру громадського здоров’я МОЗ України з питань медико-демографічної ситуації в країні. Використано статистичний метод та метод структурно-логічного аналізу. Результати. Демографічна ситуація в Україні характеризується зниженням рівня народжуваності за період 2014–2019 рр. на 19,4 % з перевищенням показника смертності населення на 6,16 на 100 тис. населення. При цьому частка випадків смерті чоловіків працездатного віку в загальній кількості смертей складає 20,3 %. Частка сільського населення має тенденцію до скорочення і становить 30,99 % в його загальній кількості. Відзначають високі рівні зареєстрованих випадків поширеності хвороб як серед всього, так і серед дитячого населення. Спостерігають тенденцію до зниження вказаних показників, що є чинником зменшення звертань населення до закладів охорони здоров’я. Встановлено різке погіршення епідемічної ситуації в країні та високі рівні саморуйнівної поведінки населення. При цьому більшість населення безвідповідально ставиться до власного здоров’я. Висновки. В Україні реєструють складну медико-демографічну ситуацію, яка потребує від системи громадського здоров’я комплексних, цілеспрямованих та ефективних дій, спрямованих на зниження рівня смертності дітей та осіб працездатного віку, профілактику, раннє виявлення та ефективне лікування неінфекційних хвороб, подолання епідемій вакцинокерованих інфекцій, забезпечення доступу населення до здоров’язберігальних технологій та формування у населення відповідального ставлення до власного здоров’я.
The aim: To investigate the conditions for the introduction of the package of medical services “Comprehensive rehabilitation assistance to adults and children in stationary conditions” and to directly study and analyze the requirements for equipment. Materials and Methods: The specification and conditions for the purchase of medical services under the program of medical guarantees under the package “Comprehensive rehabilitation assistance to adults and children in stationary conditions” were used as the materials of the study. The following methods were applied in the course of the study: bibliosemantic, of content analysis, of structural and logical analysis. Conclusions: It was established that in order to introduce the package of medical services “Comprehensive rehabilitation assistance to adults and children in stationary conditions”, health care institutions of Ukraine must be provided with equipment that is functionally divided into four groups: equipment to ensure effective patient care, medical equipment, rehabilitation equipment and household equipment. The results of the study indicate the formation of a network of high-quality comprehensive rehabilitation institutions in Ukraine.
Purpose of the study. To establish the number of persons with special needs in Transcarpathian region and to define strategic approaches for their provision by social and medical services in modern conditions of society development. Materials and methods. The source for the study was data from the scientific literature on the research issue and state statistical reporting on the numbers of the disabled, the number of orphans and children deprived of parental care and the legislation of Ukraine on social protection of persons with special needs. The study covered the period from 2010 to 2019. During the study, the following methods have been used: biblical semantic, medical statistical, content analysis, structural logical analysis. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach. Results. T he a nalysis o f t he d ynamics o f the number of persons with special needs in Transcarpathian region for the period of 2010–2019 showed an increase in the number of persons with disabilities by 27% with the number of 75415 persons, 6826 children with disabilities and 2125 orphan children and children deprived of parental care. The results of the WHO Evaluation Mission show that the country's existing system of providing rehabilitation assistance, assessing the status of life-limiting, does not meet world requirements and that statistical information on disability cannot be compared with international data. At the same time, the recent legislation in Ukraine envisages the improvement of the system of social and medical assistance to persons with disabilities. It includes formation of a system of provision of services in accordance with the actual needs of the population with the maximum approximation of the service to the place of residence of the client with the maximum use of opportunities of the united territorial communities. Care and upbringing of children should be carried out in a family-friendly environment, providing conditions for living close to family conditions (food, clothing, footwear, hard and soft equipment, housekeeping, leisure activities, etc), developing and maintaining self-care skills, household skills necessary for the organization of independent life; education and development of individual abilities, assistance in obtaining educational, medical, rehabilitation and social services in appropriate institutions. Conclusion. In the region, as the number of people with disabilities increases, based on the legal framework, conditions are created to ensure free, equal and convenient access to a range of services in a safe, comfortable community for everyone. Keywords: persons with disabilities, children with disabilities, orphan children,children deprived of parental care, ways of provision.
Purpose of the study. The legal basis of training of specialists for the public health system and to determine the general methodological approaches and problems during the preparation of masters with specialization in «Public health» was study. Materials and methods. Materials: Legislation basis and statistics of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine on admission of students with specialization in «Public Health». Methods: systematic approach, structural-logical analysis, content and statistical analysis. Results and methods. In order to ensure the effective functioning of the system in the country, «Public Health» specialty was approved and there was started the training of specialists of the first level – bachelor, and the second educational level – master. National educational standards for the training of specialists in the public health system have been approved. Licensed volumes of preparation of specialists have been approved. The enrollment of students in 2019 for the public health speciality (bachelor's degree 6,9% of licensed admission, master's degree 7,0% of licensed admission) clearly shows that this specialty does not have prestige with prospective students. The low demand for public health specialty among prospective students can be justified by the lack of information about postgraduation employment. Conclusions. Preparation of future pofessionals is carried out in accordance with the state standard, but there is no modern educational and methodological support in educational institutions. Keywords: public health, masters, preparation, number, legal basis, problems.
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