In this study we examine the time-, context-and outcome-specificity of the effects of acculturation attitudes on immigrant psychological and socio-economic adaptation. The participants were 172 immigrants from Russia and the former Soviet Union residing in Finland and Israel, and the mean time since their arrival was approximately six years. Each of the three acculturation attitudes (separation, assimilation and integration) was positively related to immigrant adaptation, either directly or moderated by the length or by the country of residence. A main effect was obtained only for integration attitude positively predicting psychological adaptation. There was also clear evidence of context-specificity in the effect of the separation attitude on both psychological and socioeconomic adaptation. The impact of integration and assimilation attitudes on socioeconomic adaptation was also time-specific; these attitudes showed adaptive value only at earlier stages of the acculturation process in the culturally diverse context. These results were interpreted in terms of the different social and economic needs salient at different stages of immigrant acculturation, and of the differences in the opportunities for immigrants to meet these needs in culturally diverse and non-diverse acculturative contexts.
AbstractА fundamentally new model of "migration circle" is considered in accordance with modern theories of migration and adaptation. This model is represented in the following basic stages: startingup (the potential emigrants), the main (directly emigrants), and final (re-emigrants). The benchmark analysis of values and dominant ethnic tendencies of migrants residing at different stages of migration (at the miscellaneous points of the "migration circle") has revealed the existing of the significant differences in the value preferences' structure, dominant ethnic tendencies, social and cultural distance. The received data allow forecasting accurate to 72% the emigrants' success of adaptation to a new social and cultural environment. Accumulating during the investigation scientific theoretical material allows finding solution of many practical problems arising at the threshold of emigration (potential emigrants) either in situations of the return to Motherland (re-emigrants).
The article is devoted to the description of the acculturation and adaptation. The research in the field of psychology of migration processes invariably has an impact on the cross-cultural, interethnic interaction on modern society. А new model of "migration circle" is considered in accordance with modern theories of migration, acculturation, and adaptation. This model is represented in the following basic stages: starting-up (the potential emigrants), the main (directly emigrants), and final (re-emigrants). Accumulated during the investigation scientific theoretical material allows finding the solution of many practical problems arising at the threshold of emigration (potential emigrants) either in situations of the return to Motherland (re-emigrants).
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