Національний університет "Львівська політехніка" Оксана ПетрушенкоЛьвівський медичний інститут (Стаття надійшла до редколегії -10.10.2017 р., прийнята до друку -10.11.2017 р.) © Петрушенко В., Петрушенко О., 2017 Проаналізовано філософсько-антропологічні позиції Декарта та Паскаля у контексті гострих проблем сучасної філософської антропології. Автори висловлюють переконання в тому, що їхні ідеї дають змогу краще зрозуміти сутність сучасної антропологічної кризи та осмислити можливі способи протистояння сучасним тенденціям перетворення людини на постлюдину. Використано методи компаративістики та історико-філософської аналітики. Перспективи подальшого дослідження теми пов'язані з поглибленим вивченням зав'язків людського організму з духовними явищами і процесами.Ключові слова: людина-машина, онтологічний статус людини, мислення, постлюдина. DESCARTES' AND PASCAL'S ANTROPOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE IN THE PERSPECTIVES OF POST-HUMANITY Viktor Petrushenko, Oksana PetrushenkoThe authors analyze two influential philosophical and anthropological positions presented by Descartes and Pascal in the context of the acute problems of contemporary philosophical anthropology. In the article the authors argue that the existence of fundamental differences in the anthropological ideas of the two founders of the modern philosophy and express the belief that these ideas lead to the better understanding the essence of the contemporary anthropological crisis and the possible ways of comprehending of modern trends in the transformation of a human being into a post human being. Descartes' mechanism and reductionism appear as one of the grounds for justifying the influence over a human being through the modifications of his or her body, therefore, his position is connected with the ideas of a post-humanity and can be considered as an element of the basic ideology for these ideas.Pascal, on the contrary, demonstrates that a human being is a complex being, inscribed in the cosmic whole and in connection with the transcendent; therefore, his ideas resist reduction and contradict tendencies of the movement of modern mankind to the pose-humanity. According to the authors, ideological shifts in modern anthropology in the direction of increasing the role of nature in a human being require increased attention to the study of the sources of a human person and a human self. In this context, attention to the philosophical and anthropological ideas of Pascal presents as an important condition for understanding the contemporary anthropological crisis and finding ways to overcome it.The authors use methods of comparative studies, phenomenology, historical and philosophical analysis. Prospects for further study of the topic are related to in-depth study and understanding of the human organism's ties with spiritual phenomena and processes.
Проаналізовано зміст поняття суспільство знань та останніх публікацій на цю тему, зокрема доповідь ЮНЕСКО "До суспільств знань". Автор піддає сумніву наукову коректність цього поняття: людина і суспільство не можуть бути редуковані до знання. Проте зазначено, що цей термін може виконати роль проективного поняття та сприяти дослідженню реальних тенденцій розвитку сучасного суспільства. Ключові слова: суспільство знань, знання, суспільство як система, особистість. THE NOTION OF KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY, ITS ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION Oksana Petrushenko The author analyses meaning of the notion of knowledge society, as in the special investigations, the term is interpreted broadly and ambiguously. The analysis includes main ideas of a well-known management theorist P. Drucker who introduced the term, believing that in modern highly developed societies special knowledge becomes the most important factor of social and economic development. P.Druker's ideas on knowledge society were developed in the UNESCO report "To the Knowledge Societies" (2005), but in this article, the interpretation of the term is slightly expanded and modifiedit is spoken about the need of science and education for the modern knowledge society in all regions of the world on the one hand, and preservation and development of regional indigenous knowledge on the other. Interpretation of the term by educators involves mainly the need for modernisation and changes in the existing educational system. As for the scientific accuracy of the term, there is a number of observations: 1) the idea of knowledge society was already proposed by F. Bacon, but it was also criticised; 2) in modern texts devoted to public knowledge, this notion is interpreted widely, and often not correctly; 3) in the community, in addition to knowledge, an important role is played by religion, morality and art; 4) in human mentality an important role (except knowledge) is played by will, memory, thinking, feelings and emotions, self-consciousness. Thus, the author concludes that knowledge society is a technical term which, to some extent, is a utopia as an ideal type by M. Weber since it allows to highlight some new aspects in society, but it does not describe the real state of a society as a system. Bothman and society are complex systems that cannot be reduced solely to knowledge. Basic research methods are as follows: logical, comparative, textual.
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