Цель исследования: оценить влияние урсодезоксихолевой кислоты (УДХК) на воспаление, стеатоз и фиброз печени и факторы атерогенеза у больных неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (НАЖБП). Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 139 больных НАЖБП, которые получали 15 мг/кг УДХК (Урсосан ®) в сутки на протяжении 24-х нед. До начала и после окончания исследования были определены показатели функции печени и липидного обмена, индекс стеатоза печени FLI, толщина комплекса интима-медия (ТКИМ) сонных артерий, рассчитан сердечно-сосудистый риск по калькулятору ASCVD 2013. Результаты. На фоне применения УДХК у больных НАЖБП наблюдалось снижение активности АЛТ (р < 0,001), АСТ (р < 0,001), ГГТП (р < 0,001), концентрации общего холестерина (р < 0,001), триглицеридов (р < 0,001), ЛПНП (р < 0,001) в крови, индекса стеатоза печени FLI (р < 0,001). Кроме того, у женщин также снизился показатель ТКИМ (р = 0,048) и десятилетний риск сердечно-сосудистых осложнений по калькулятору ASCVD 2013 (р = 0,022). Выводы. Применение УДХК при НАЖБП приводит к уменьшению активности воспалительных процессов в печени, ее стеатоза, а также улучшает показатели липидного обмена и обладает потенциальными антиатерогенными свойствами. На фоне применения УДХК не было отмечено прогрессирования фиброза печени. Никто из участников наблюдательной программы не достиг нормальной массы тела к ее окончанию, поэтому представленные положительные изменения следует отнести непосредственно к эффектам УДХК. Ключевые слова: неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, стеатоз, сердечно-сосудистый риск, урсодезоксихолевая кислота, липидный обмен, атеросклероз Конфликт интересов: Заказчиком и спонсором исследования выступило ЗАО «ПРО.МЕД.ЦС Маркетинг» по поручению компании "PRO.MED.CS Praha a.s.". Благодарности: Авторы выражают благодарность ассистенту кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней Сеченовского Университета Р.В. Масленникову за ценные комментарии и предложения.
Adequate design is an essential condition for conducting a successful study. This review describes the most common types of research design in medicine. We discuss the differences between different types of observational and interventional studies, their advantages and limitations providing examples for each study design. The concept of bias and its potential sources in different studies are covered. We suggest the most suitable approaches to study design for different research objectives and outline approaches to data presentation. During the last decades, several guidelines for conducting and reporting different types of research were proposed and they are also covered in this manuscript.
Aim. To explore the effectiveness of corticosteroids in patients with lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2.Materials and methods. The retrospective study included patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung damage diagnosed by computed tomography (CT), who was receiving low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). 56 patients included in Group 1 received dexamethasone 4–12 mg/day for 8–10 days after admission to the hospital. 30 patients included in Group 2 (control group) had no dexamethasone treatment. The laboratory and instrumental data obtained from the patients under admission and for the 8–10th day of the treatment were analyzed. Hospital mortality was evaluated by Kaplan — Meier method. To predict a lethal outcome, we have used the logistic regression method. Results. By the 8–10th day of hospitalization, only in the Group 1, there was a statistically significant decrease in the volume of lung tissue lesions by CT (p = 0.027), fibrinogen concentration (p = 0.001). A statistically significant decrease of the C-reactive protein concentration was noted for the both groups. Oxygen therapy was more often needed in Group 2 (26 patients — 87%) in opposite to Group 1 (36 patients — 64%) (p = 0.028). Hospital mortality was 3.6% in Group 1 and 13.3% in Group 2 (p = 0.177). There was a trend towards an increase in patient survival in Group 1 between 18 and 28 days of hospitalization (Mantel — Cox test, p = 0.095). Age (p = 0.012), percentage of CT lesions at the time of admission (p = 0.020) and assignment to the dexamethasone group (p = 0.080) were included in the logistic regression equation.Conclusion. For the patients with SARS-CoV-2 lung damage, treatment with dexamethasone 4–12 mg, started from the first day of hospitalization additionally to LMWH, contributes to positive CT dynamics on the 8–10th day and decreases hospital mortality.
Introduction. Symptoms of lesions of the I, VII and IX pairs of cranial nerves during SARS-CoV-2 infection are observed in about a third of cases. Isolated bitemporal hemianopia as a symptom of optic nerve damage at the chiasmal level in patients with COVID-19 has not been described yet. Case report. A 65-year-old man with a history of arterial hypertension and myocardial infarction and confirmed COVID-19 infection with severe lung damage on computed tomography. Patient developed bitemporal hemianopia, confirmed by the Donders test, on the second day of hospitalization. CT scan revealed no lesions and organic pathology in the parachiasmatic region and in the substance of the brain. Two days later, there was a complete restoration of lateral vision. Discussion. The most likely cause of bitemporal hemianopia was microthrombotic or inflammatory lesion at the chiasmal level. Risk factors for thrombotic complications: male gender, age 65, history of cardiovascular diseases, increased D-dimer levels, and signs of systemic inflammation (increased levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin). An alternative hypothesis for the development of chiasmal syndrome may be direct viral invasion SARS-CoV-2 of the central nervous system.
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