American Cancer Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Swiss Re; Swiss Cancer Research foundation; Swiss Cancer League; Institut National du Cancer; La Ligue Contre le Cancer; Rossy Family Foundation; US National Cancer Institute; and the Susan G Komen Foundation.

Цель исследования. Оценить динамику заболеваемости и доли I стадии подлежащих скринингу злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) до и после внедрения диспансеризации отдельных групп взрослого населения (ДОГВН) на основе данных Архангельского областного канцер-регистра (АОКР). Материалы и методы. Из базы данных АОКР были взяты анонимизированные данные больных индексными ЗНО (ободочной, прямой кишки, легкого, молочной железы, шейки, тела матки, яичников, предстательной железы, почки), подлежащими обследованию (скринингу) на первом этапе ДОГВН с 2000 по 2018 годы. Оценивали динамику числа новых случаев, грубых, стандартизованных по возрасту показателей заболеваемости и доли I стадии. Интервенционное значение ДОГВН считали положительным в случае обнаружения изменения линейного тренда избранных показателей при сегментированной регрессии в период между 2012 и 2014 гг. Результаты. Итоговая выборка включала 46146 случаев ЗНО. Ежегодное число новых случаев и грубые показатели заболеваемости при всех взятых для анализа ЗНО с 2000 по 2018 гг. возрастали. После стандартизации по возрасту рост заболеваемости наблюдался при всех индексных ЗНО, кроме рака легкого. В модели сегментированной регрессии для большинства ЗНО этот прирост был монотонным с ежегодным изменением от 1,5% (при раке яичников) до 5,0% (рак шейки матки). При раке предстательной железы излом линейного тренда стандартизованной по возрасту заболеваемости с ростом на 8,5% в год обнаружен в 2012 г. Доля I стадии не изменилась либо монотонно возрастала после внедрения ДОГВН при раке тела матки и яичников, ободочной кишки. Увеличение прироста пропорции I стадии обнаружено при раке прямой кишки с 2010 г., молочной железы с 2011 г., шейки матки с 2013 г., предстательной железы с 2014 г., почки с 2006 г. на 7,5%, 9,6%, 9,6%, 40,3%, 13,4% в год в последнем временном сегменте, соответственно. Заключение. Диагностические тесты, использованные в рамках ДОГВН, чувствительны к выявлению ранних стадий рака молочной железы, шейки матки, предстательной железы; при колоректальном раке и раке почки их значение сомнительно. Эффективность ранней диагностики в рамках ДОГВН не подтверждена при раке легкого, тела матки, яичников. При ЗНО, чувствительных к скринингу, необходимо проведение анализа смертности и выживаемости.

Objective. Assessment of the impact of National Program «Health» on a rectal cancer (RC) tumor-specific survival in the Arkhangelsk region (AR), Russia over the period 2000–2017 by the data of Arkhangelsk Regional Cancer Registry (ARCR)Materials and methods. Anonymized data on all cases of RC (C19.0–C21.0) in the AR in 2000–2017 were extracted from the database of the ARCR. Over the study period, 4173 cases of the RC were selected. To assess the impact of the National Health Project in 2006 and All-national Dispensarization in 2013, the three time periods were chosen — 2000–2006, 2007–2012 and 2013–2017. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was calculated. Separate influence of baseline factors on differences in CSS between periods was performed using Cox regression with consecutive input.Results. One- and five year CSS were 62,6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 60,03–65,05%%) and 27,8% (95% CI 25,4–30,2%) in 2000–2006, 65,1% (95% CI 62,5–67,5%) and 32% (95% CI 29,5–34,5%) in 2007–2012, 67,7% (95% CI 65,2–70,1%) and 37,4% (95% CI 33,7–41,1%) in 2013–2017, respectively.In univariate analysis the risk of death in the latest time periods was significantly lower: HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.79–0.95), p < 0.05 and 0.74 (95% CI 0.67–0.82), p<0.0001 for 2007–2012 and 2013–2017, respectively, comparing to 2000–2006. In a multivariate model only correction for treatment type has led to change of the coefficients between time periods: HR 0.94 (95% CI 0.86–1.03) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75–0.93) for 2007–2012 and 2013–2017, respectively. The CSS was also in­dependently influenced by stage, age at diagnosis, place of residence and type of treatment.Conclusion. Population-based five-year CSS of patients with RC increased by 8% during the analyzed period. Better CSS in the latest time period is associated rather with improvement of treatment than earlier detection of RC.

The article presents the epidemiological characteristics of rectal cancer (RC) over the world and in Russia, describes approaches to measuring the burden of the RC based on data from the scientific literature. It has been shown that the dynamics and levels of RC survival at the regional, national and global level should be assessed only on the basis population cancer registries data. The factors affecting survival in the RC are described. Based on the published experience of organizing the diagnosis and treatment of RC in economically developed countries, measures are proposed for further improvement of survival in the RC in Russia.

Objective. Assessment of the rectal cancer (RC) incidence and stage structure trends in the Arkhangelsk region (AR), Russia before and after implementation of national programs for health system reforming based on population data of the Arkhangelsk Regional Cancer Registry (ARCR) over the period 2000–2015.Materials and methods. Anonymized data on all cases of RC (C19.0‑C21.0) in the AR in 2000–2015 were extracted from the database of the ARCR. Over the study period, 3721 cases of the RC were selected. Age-standardized (ASR) RC incidence rate was calculated. Population number and its age distribution were taken from the Regional Bureau of Statistics, Arkhangelskstat. Time trends were analyzed using segmented regression.Results. Over the period, an incidence (ASR) of RC in AR increased from 11.5 to 14.2 per 100000. The incidence rates in the male population were higher than in women: 20.3 vs 12.6 in 2015. The growing trend of male incidence was stable. The ASR of RC incidence in female increased significantly by 4.6% per year in 2011–2015. RC ASRs for both urban and rural populations were growing, 12.3 and 20.4 per 100000 in 2015, respectively. StagesI, II, III and IV were established in 14%, 50%, 9% and 21% of cases, however, the stage I in urban residents was detected 4% more often. The proportion of stage I non-significantly varied from 10.6% to 13.3% in 2000–2015. After the introduction of the National Project “Health”, the proportion of the stage IV non-significantly decreased by 5.4% per year, same after the introduction of the All-national Dispensarization it non-significantly increased by 5.4% per year.Conclusion. Implementation of national programs for health system reforming didn’t provide significant improvement in earlier detection of RC. Introduction of national screening programs is necessary. A higher incidence rates among males and rural population require detailed analysis.