Nomenclature PVR= plasma vortex reactor HF = high frequency F HF = HF frequency F M = modulation frequency of HFD T i = pulse duration I = electric discharge current V = electric discharge voltage Q e = power input in plasma V x = axial flow velocity V t = tangential flow velocity P st = static pressure T g = gas temperature T R = rotation temperature T V = vibration temperature T e = electron excitation temperature T b = black body temperature Abstract Study of a longitudinal plasmoid in swirl flow is very important both for plasma aerodynamics and extra energy release 1-8, 10 . A longitudinal heterogeneous plasmoid structure and its dynamics in the swirl flow were studied in our previous works in detail 1-6 . The present work is a continuation of the previous ones. The non-equilibrium combined discharge (DC discharge + HF discharge) is used in this experimental work. A pulsed repetitive power pumping in the swirl flow is created by the combined discharge. The plasma created by this discharge can disturb the initial swirl flow. Plasma and airflow parameters are measured by different diagnostic instrumentation including a high-speed camera, electric and current probes, an optical spectrometer and etc. Following main new experimental and theoretical results are obtained in this work: a velocity distribution and a gas temperature distribution are measured in the swirl flow at different discharge and gas flow parameters. Detail optical spectra with a high resolution in a vortex longitudinal plasmoid created by the combined electric discharge are obtained. Processing of these spectra gives an important information about nonequilibrium processes inside the longitudinal plasmoid in the swirl flow. Obtained results are used in a theoretical model of plasma and a chemical kinetics in the vortex heterogeneous plasmoid created by the non-equilibrium DC discharge. Numerical results on a swirl flow structure and its evolution at plasma on are obtained and compared with experimental results.
The technology of plastic forming of wide flanges in tube billets with the predicted length of the transitional toroidal section between the outer plane of the flange and the internal cavity of the pipe is proposed. The procedure for calculating the length of this section is given. In order to eliminate the toroidal portion in the flange formed during the flanging of the pipe, it is proposed to perform its plastic shaping by depositing the cylindrical part of the workpiece. Equations for calculating the extent of the free surface on the toroidal part of the workpiece when it is shaped, depending on the coefficient of contact friction and the presence of a radial support of the flange are obtained. The variant of forming in the flange the toroidal section in the stamp with the compensation cavity is proposed. Equations for calculating the deformation force and the extent of the free surface are given.
Реферат. На основе анализа известных способов разделения пруткового сортамента на мерные заготовки установле-но, что наиболее эффективным является способ формообразования в нем кольцевой канавки клиновидного сечения пластическим деформированием металла дисковыми ножами, при постепенном углублении которой происходит раз-рушение сортамента в этой зоне. С целью снижения глубины канавки предложено после ее формообразования произ-водить в этой же зоне локальный изгиб прутка. На основании полученных экспериментальных данных предложена эмпирическая формула, показывающая зависимость угла изгиба оси прутка от глубины кольцевой канавки. Установ-лено, что наибольшее влияние на угол локального изгиба оси прутка в зоне кольцевой канавки происходит при изме-нении ее глубины от 0,5 до 3,0 мм. Причем эта зависимость имеет степенной характер. Уменьшение угла локального изгиба оси заготовки для указанного интервала глубин канавки будет находиться в пределах 8,83º-2,23º. Дальнейшее увеличение глубины кольцевой канавки не имеет практического смысла, поскольку угол изгиба оси прутка при этом уменьшается несущественно. Установленная зависимость справедлива для процесса разделения прутков дисковыми клиновидными ножами с локальным изгибом их оси и практически не зависит от исходного диаметра разделяемого сортамента. Поэтому процесс может эффективно осуществляться при глубине канавки, не превышающей 3,0 мм. Abstract. It has been established on the basis of well-known method analysis on separation of bar materials in cut-to-length sections that a method for shape-formation of an annular groove in the bar material which has tapered cross-section is considered as the most efficient one. The annular groove has been formed by plastic metal deformation with the help of disk cutting shears. Bar material fracture occurs in the groove zone when it has progressive deepening. In order to decrease groove depth it has been proposed to make a local bar bending in this zone after completion of groove shape-formation process. An empirical formula has been recommended on the basis of the obtained experimental data and it demonstrates dependence of bar bending angle on annular groove depth. It has been found that maximum impact on local bending angle of bar axis in the annular groove zone originates in the case when its depth is changing from 0.5 to 3.0 mm and the dependence has power-law character. Decrease in the local bending angle of the workpiece axis for specified range of the groove depth will be within the following limits: 8.83º to 2.23º. A further increase in the depth of the annular groove is out of practical importance because in this case the angle of bar bending axis is decreasing insignificantly. The determined dependence is valid for separation process of bars with the help of disk wedge-shaped knives. In this case local bending of the axis takes place and the dependence is not dictated by an initial diameter of bar material which is to be separated. Therefore, the process can be carried out efficiently when the groove depth does not exce...
The nominal rotational torque on the rolls during asymmetric rolling of a strip of few-leaf springs was calculated. To stabilize the rolling process it was proposed to use a front tension and a minimum value of such tension was computed. Misalignment of the circumferential speeds of the driving and driven rolls are calculated. The design of a composite banded roll with two tabs on the bandage and the two grooves on the shaft are proposed. In addition, the mating surfaces of the shaft and the shroud are made in the form of a Morse cone, which facilitates the repair of the roll and provides a tight contact between the mating surfaces. The test for bearing stress and shear of the tabs on the bandage. The structural strength of banded roll is provided.
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