The aim: Is to build a forecast of the COVID-19 disease course, considering the vaccination of the population from particular countries. Materials and methods: Based on the analysis of statistical data, the article deals with the topical issue of the impact made by vaccination on the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. The time series, showing the dynamics of changes in the number of infected in Chile, Latvia, Japan, Israel, Australia, Finland, India, United States of America, New Zealand, Czech Republic, Venezuela, Poland, Ukraine, Brazil, Georgia for the period 07.08. 2020–09.09.2021, are analyzed. Trend-cyclic models of time series are obtained using fast Fourier transform. The predicted values of the COVID-19 incidence rate for different countries in the period from September 10, 2021 to February 2, 2022 were calculated using the constructed models. Results and conclusions: The results of the study show that vaccination of the population is one of the most effective methods to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed method of modeling the dynamics of the incidence rate based on statistical data can be used to build further predictions of the incidence rate dynamics. The study of behavioral aspects of trust in vaccination is proposed to be conducted within the theory regarding the self-organization of complex systems.
Intensive studies on properties of synthetic compounds are simultaneously conducted with studies on the effectiveness and safety of drugs derived from natural compounds. These drugs have been effectively used for years in dentistry, in treatment of inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity and in laryngology, in treatment of pharyngeal inflammatory conditions. The subject of this article is a compilation of studies conducted on medicinal products containing composed ethanolic extract as an active substance, and obtained from: chamomile capitulum (Matricaria recutita L.), oak bark (Quercus spp.), sage leaf (Salvia officinalis L.), arnica herb (Arnica spp.), calamus rhizome (Acorus calamus L.), peppermint herb (Mentha piperita L.), thyme herb (Thymus spp.) Preclinical studies confirmed that a particular tested plant extract exhibits antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal) as well as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and astringent properties. Under clinical conditions, it was confirmed that drugs containing the analysed extract used in periodontology, in prevention and complex treatment of gingivitis, periodontitis as well as diseases of oral mucosa (but also the throat) of viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal aetiology significantly improved the effectiveness of therapy, shortened the treatment and improved the patients’ quality of life. The above preparations used in dental surgery contributed to faster tissue regeneration, more quickly relieved pain and swelling after a surgery or difficult dentition. Furthermore, drugs containing the above-mentioned extract can also be successfully used for oral cavity decontamination in the case of various diseases of teeth or the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. The tested composed herbal extract (CHE), applied in the form of a mouthwash and in the form for topical application with benzocaine content (CHEB), is a component of drugs which are great alternatives to widely used synthetic drugs. They are characterised with high effectiveness, comparable to that of synthetic agents, and a higher safety profile. Results of pharmacological and clinical studies justify their use in both prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the gums, periodontium, oral cavity and pharynx.
Behavioral economics is a branch of economic theory that studies the influence of psychological factors on people’s decisions in various life situations. At the same time, much attention is paid to situations where people behave differently than predicted by classical economic theory with its assumption of rationality and selfishness. Interesting possibility of application of behavioral economic in various spheres of human life and society, for example, reforms introducing, insurance system, public health and medicine (healthy living, disease prevention, following-up to the doctor’s recommendations, improving the quality of care, etc.).
The aim: To study the species composition of microorganisms isolated from patients with inflammatory processes of different localization and to monitor the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to the most commonly used antibiotics. Materials and methods: During 2017–2019, we examined 517 patients with acute inflammatory processes of the nasopharynx. To establish the etiological structure of pathogens of inflammatory processes, a microbiological study of nasopharyngeal washes was carried out using classical methods of isolation and identification of microorganisms. The sampling of the test material from patients was performed during the first visit to a doctor, before the appointment and implementation of etiopathogenetic therapy. To study the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antibacterial drugs, we used the method of paper disks (manufactured by “Pharmaktiv” Ltd. (Kyiv, Ukraine) and Himedia (India). Results and conclusions: The microflora of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat in patients with acute inflammatory processes of the nasopharynx is represented mainly by monoisolates of staphylococci and streptococci. The sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antibiotics varied between different types of microorganisms and between different antibiotics. Cefazolin showed efficacy against all types of microorganisms. K. pneumonia strains showed the highest antibiotic resistance. Among the gram-positive cocci, 18 strains (4.2%) resistant to all antibiotics were isolated, which can be regarded as the circulation of hospital strains outside the medical institutions.
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