Background The use of opioids among people of the young and working age has sharply increased in recent years simultaneously with the outbreak observed in the general population. Objective To determine the trigger mechanism of the destructive effect of narcotic analgesics on the ultrastructural level of the vascular tunic of the eyeball. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 26 male rats aged 3.0 months and body weight 160–180 g with daily intramuscular injection of Nalbuphine hydrochloride during 4 weeks. The material for the study was represented by ultramicroscopic sections of the vascular tunic of the eyeball. Results In comparison with the control group there was observed swelling of the cytoplasm and the nuclei of endotheliocytes, considerably narrowed lumens of the capillaries. Plasmolemma of endotheliocytes forms protrusions into the lumen of endotheliocytes forming microvilli. Changes of destructive nature took place in the elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial complex. Signs that are characteristic of sclerosis were found in the surrounding connective tissue complex. In particular, lesions of endothelium and basement membrane of the elements of hemomicrocirculatory bloodstream, epithelium of the ciliary processes, cellular and non-cellular elements of the iris and the uvea proper have studied. Conclusion The databased on the experimental model allow extrapolation the results obtained to humans. It is confirmed that the development of angiopathy is the trigger mechanism of the destructive effect of narcotic analgesics.
Кафедра нормальної анатомії (зав.-доц. В.Б. Фік) Львівського національного медичного університету імені Данила Галицького СТРУКТУРНА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ КОРИ МОЗОЧКА ЩУРА ЗА УМОВ 6-ТИЖНЕВОГО ВВЕДЕННЯ ОПІОЇДУ Резюме. З метою дослідження змін структури та ангіоархітектоніки кори мозочка щура, обумовлених довготривалим введенням опіоїду, зокрема налбуфіну, проведено дослідження на 26 статевозрілих білих щурах-самцях, віком 3,0-4,5 місяців і масою тіла 180-220 г. Матеріали дослідження представлені препаратами мозочка щурів з ін'єцированим судинним руслом, гістологічними препаратами та ультраструктурними зрізами мозочка. Результати дослідження свідчать про глибокі деструктивні зміни клітин кори мозочка і ланок гемомікроциркуляторного русла. Виразно виступає зв'язок між глибиною структурних перетворень кори мозочка і морфометричними показниками ланок гемомікроциркуляторного русла за 6-тижневого впливу опіоїду. Гемомікроциркуляторне русло кори мозочка після довготривалого введення налбуфіну знаходиться на стадії декомпенсації, коли капілярний компонент зруйнований, артеріоли різко покручені, деформовані, просвіт їх нерівномірний, венули розширені і деформовані.
The results of an experimental study conducted on white male rats and females of reproductive age were analyzed in order to detect submicroscopic changes in the structural components of the spleen under the action of monosodium glutamate in the dynamics. For two, four, six and eight weeks, the animals received monosodium glutamate at a dose of 0.07 g / kg body weight daily with food. Sections of the spleen were made on a UMTP-6M ultramicrotome with a diamond knife (DIATOM) and double contrast was performed according to Reynolds and uranyl acetate. Submicroscopic examinations of the organ were performed using an electron transmission microscope TEM-100. The investigated material was photodocuted using a SONY – H9 digital camera. The first violations of the structural components of the spleen are observed after two weeks, namely the expansion of intercellular spaces in both white and red pulp of the spleen, which contain vacuole-like structures, an increase in plasma cells, the cytoplasm of which is filled with dilated tubules. In dynamics with increase in duration of reception changes deepen, reaching a maximum in 8 weeks of experiment. Electron microscopy revealed that the signs of adaptive-compensatory processes by the end of the experiment lead to a loss of regenerative function.
Despite the significant progress made in the study of the problem of pyoderma, theclinical features of their course depending on the somatotype and their differences, ascompared with the healthy subjects, remain virtually unexplored. The purpose of thestudy is to establish the most pronounced discrepancies between the anthropometric,somatotypological and component components of body mass in men and women of theWestern region of Ukraine in norm and in patients with pyoderma. An anthropologicalexamination under the Bunak scheme of 45 patients with pyoderma men aged from 22to 35 years, and 48 patients with pyoderma women aged from 21 to 35 years, and 24healthy men and 43 healthy women of similar age, the third generation residents of theWest region of Ukraine was conducted. The somatotype is defined according to themathematical scheme of the Hit-Carter. For the calculation of the fat, bone and musclemass components of the body, Matiegka and the American Institute of Nutrition formulaswere used. With the help of the license package "STATISTICA 6.0", the statisticalprocessing of the obtained results was performed using parametric and non-parametricestimation methods. In healthy men, lower values of the thickness of skin and fat foldsare found, than in patients with acute and chronic pyoderma; as well as lower valuesof the endo- and mesomorphic components of the somatotype and the fatty componentof the body mass and the higher values of the ectomorphic component of the somatotypethan in the patients with the acute course of the disease; a lower percentage of endo-mesomorphic somatotype representatives than in patients with deep pyoderma. Inhealthy women found smaller than in female patients of different groups of the majorityof total, cross, girth body size, width of distal epiphysis of long bones of the extremitiesand mesomorphic somatotype component, muscle and bone components of bodyweight, and higher values ectomorphic somatotype component; a smaller percentageof the mesomorphic somatotype than those of the general group and with the acutecourse of pyoderma, as well as a higher percentage of the representatives of theectomorphic somatotype than patients with superficial pyoderma. In patients with chronicpyoderma men set lower than in patients with acute pyoderma men, meaning of crossmedium and lower thoracic sizes, thickness of skin-fat folds, endo- and mesomorphicsomatotype components and bone and fat components of body weight. In patients withchronic pyoderma women set less than women suffering from deep pyoderma, thevalue of total, half of the transverse dimensions of the pelvis, extremities, most girthsizes, width of distal epiphysis of the shoulder and hip, muscle and bone componentsof body weight and a higher percentage representatives of the ectomorphic somatotypethan patients with superficial pyoderma. Comparative study of anthropometric indicesand individual somatic sex groups and constitutional types showed individual variabilityof body structure and set typological features of patients with some form and degreeof manifestation of pyoderma
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