Urbanization is the main form of human adaptation to the environment. The increase in the area of urban areas and the level of development of urban areas is an objective reality at the present stage. Vladikavkaz in this regard is no exception. The purpose of the study is to analyse the dendroflora of urbanized areas using the city of Vladikavkaz as an example. The studywas conducted in 2012-2018 in the city of Vladikavkaz. The study recorded about 60,000 trees belonging to 50 species. The studied trees were part of common and restricted use green areas: green ribbons along central streets including plots attached to shopping and administrative centres, as well as the largest parks, boulevards, and public gardens of the city of Vladikavkaz. We established that the species composition on the territory of Vladikavkaz is quite diverse; however, prerequisites exist for its expansion, which would improve the ecological situation in the city.
Morphological changes in plants are widely used as an indicator. This is an important indicator parameter. The reason for its widespread use is its low cost, availability and simplicity of research, no need for highly qualified personnel and the presence of a special laboratory. Numerous studies are devoted to the standardization of the test material and the conditions for its use. The national monitoring system of all developed countries includes a large arsenal of morphological indicators, which made it possible to create maps of anthropogenic impacts. The aim of the research is to study the possibility of using morphological changes in plants as a parameter of bioindication assessment. Material and methods: theoretical - analysis of literature on the problem of environmental monitoring, laboratory. Assessment of the degree of plant change is associated with internal factors and different sensitivity of plant organisms. For the purpose of active monitoring, a large group of plants is recommended. For passive monitoring and determination of the consequences of environmental pollution, indicator signs of plants growing freely in the study area are used. Bioindication methods are useful for assessing the state of the environment. The study of the reaction of plants to the level of pollution makes it possible to assess its consequences. The study of urban communities makes it possible to develop ways to stabilize them, for example, by changing loads. Bioindication is an important addition to instrumental methods.
One of the main problems of environmental protection at the present stage is the contamination of soil by oil and products of its processing. Oil and petroleum products are dangerous and the most common environmental pollutants. Oil pipelines refer to linearly extended objects, for which an emergency situation is quite typical and widespread. The impact of such objects on the natural environment is usually integral. The problem of remediation of soils contaminated with oil and its processing products is one of the first places. The study of the properties of the soil contaminated with oil and oil products acquires practical and scientific significance at the level of the Chechen Republic. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of using test plants as indicators of soil pollution by oil and its products, a comparative assessment of various test plants in specific soil and climatic conditions. Materials and methods: theoretical - analysis of literature on the problem of oil pollution, laboratory. The main place in the work is occupied by modeling experience. The study was carried out on the territory of the city of Grozny, with a predominance of leached chernozems. In an urban environment, in the process of burning fuels, sulfur and nitrogen oxides are formed in large quantities, which in the course of chemical reactions form sulfurous, nitric and nitrous acids. The toxicity of urban soils, which is explained by the content of xenobiotics in them, in the experiments evaluating the total phytotoxicity was expressed by inhibition of the growth of the aboveground part of the test plants. It has been determined that it is most expedient to use winter rye and parsley as test plants.
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