Aim - analysis of data on the role of vitamin and carotenoid deficiency in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), the consumption of individual vitamins and vitamin supplements, as well as estimation of the effectiveness of the use of vitamins in patients with MS. A review of the existing literature has been carried out in the databases of RINC, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Pubmed. The lack of vitamins is a risk factor for MS and its components. The diet of people with MS is characterized by excessive caloric content and at the same time contains an inadequate amount of most vitamins. The most frequent in patients with MS is the deficiency (blood level) of vitamin D, E, B vitamins, carotenoids. Among patients with MS, individuals with a reduced concentration of vitamins in the blood plasma are often found. In turn, among those with a deficiency of vitamins, MS is more often found. Low concentrations of 25(OH)D in the serum are associated with an increased risk of MS. An inverse association between the concentration of the hormonal form of vitamin 1.25(OH)2D3 in the serum and the development of MC has been found. In patients with MS, the α-tocopherol concentration associated with lipids is lower than in healthy individuals, and γ-tocopherol, on the contrary, is higher. Taking high doses of one of the vitamin E homologues shifts the balance between tocopherols in the blood plasma. Sufficient supply of the body with all vitamins involved in the formation of metabolically active forms of vitamins (D, B6, PP) is a necessary condition for the exercise of these biological functions by these vitamins. The lack of vitamins is a risk factor for MS and its components. Enrichment of the diet of patients with MS should be considered as a necessary favorable background for its treatment. Since the body has functional connections between vitamins, it is advisable to use not individual vitamins, but their complexes.
ABSTRACT. The nutrition of adult and children population of Russia is characterized by multiple micronutrient deficiency due to the simultaneous insufficient content of vitamins, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine and other mineral elements in the diet. A lack of several micronutrients can occur as a result of the use of various diets, medication, the development of the pathological process, increased needы of organism at various physiological, stressful situations of different etiologies. Micronutrients (vitamins and essential minerals) participate in numerous biochemical pathways, perform certain functions in the body, are closely interconnected in complex metabolic networks to maintain homeostasis and overall health. Like mosaics, individual fragments of this comprehensive network of micronutrients are “assembled”, the centers of which are selenium, iodine, vitamin D, iron, and functionally related vitamins of group B. Simultaneous multiple micronutrient deficiency creates a “causality network” of diseases, while, optimal sufficiency creates a “network of conditions that prevent diseases”. The concept of the correct ratios of essential micronutrients in the diet, as well as the optimal ratios of vitamins in the blood between themselves and indicators of lipid metabolism, is developing and is being confirmed. The physiological requirements for micronutrients (vitamin D, C, potassium, magnesium), which provide not only essentiality, but also optimality to maintain the body's health and reduce the risk of diseases, have being revised upward. Recommended intake of vitamins B1, B2 and niacin are correlated with energy consumption. Given the existence of metabolic networks of micronutrients and the presence of multiple micronutrient deficiency among the population, the superiority of multicomponent vitamin-mineral supplements undoubtedly superior to the effectiveness of individual micronutrients
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