Objective Implantation of tissue-engineered tracheal grafts represents a visionary strategy for the reconstruction of tracheal wall defects after resections and may develop into a last chance for a number of patients with severe cicatricial stenosis. The use of a decellularized tracheal substrate would offer an ideally stiff graft, but the matrix density would challenge efficient remodeling into a living cartilage. In this study, we hypothesized that the pores of decellularized laser-perforated tracheal cartilage (LPTC) tissues can be colonized by adult nasal chondrocytes (NCs) to produce new cartilage tissue suitable for the repair of tracheal defects. Design Human, native tracheal specimens, isolated from cadaveric donors, were exposed to decellularized and laser engraving–controlled superficial perforation (300 μm depth). Human or rabbit NCs were cultured on the LPTCs for 1 week. The resulting revitalized tissues were implanted ectopically in nude mice or orthotopically in tracheal wall defects in rabbits. Tissues were assayed histologically and by microtomography analyses before and after implantation. Results NCs were able to efficiently colonize the pores of the LPTCs. The extent of colonization (i.e., percentage of viable cells spanning >300 μm of tissue depth), cell morphology, and cartilage matrix deposition improved once the revitalized constructs were implanted ectopically in nude mice. LPTCs could be successfully grafted onto the tracheal wall of rabbits without any evidence of dislocation or tracheal stenosis, 8 weeks after implantation. Rabbit NCs, within the LPTCs, actively produced new cartilage matrix. Conclusion Implantation of NC-revitalized LPTCs represents a feasible strategy for the repair of tracheal wall defects.
Highlights Cysts are extremely rare disease of the esophagus. Esophageal cysts should be diagnosed with CT and endoscopic US investigations. Surgery is the treatment of choice to reduce the risk of malignancy and dysphagia. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has several advantages over thoracotomy.
Lung malignancies accounted for 11% of cancers worldwide in 2020 and remained the leading cause of cancer deaths. About 80% of lung cancers belong to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is characterized by extremely high clonal and morphological heterogeneity of tumors and development of multidrug resistance. The improvement of current therapeutic strategies includes several directions. First, increasing knowledge in cancer biology results in better understanding of the mechanisms underlying malignant transformation, alterations in signal transduction, and crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, including immune cells. In turn, it leads to the discovery of important molecular targets in cancer development, which might be affected pharmaceutically. The second direction focuses on the screening of novel drug candidates, synthetic or from natural sources. Finally, “personalization” of a therapeutic strategy enables maximal damage to the tumor of a patient. The personalization of treatment can be based on the drug screening performed using patient-derived tumor xenografts or in vitro patient-derived cell models. 3D multicellular cancer spheroids, generated from cancer cell lines or tumor-isolated cells, seem to be a helpful tool for the improvement of current NSCLC therapies. Spheroids are used as a tumor-mimicking in vitro model for screening of novel drugs, analysis of intercellular interactions, and oncogenic cell signaling. Moreover, several studies with tumor-derived spheroids suggest this model for the choice of “personalized” therapy. Here we aim to give an overview of the different applications of NSCLC spheroids and discuss the potential contribution of the spheroid model to the development of anticancer strategies.
Цель. Изучить жизнеспособность тканеинженерной конструкции (ТИК) на основе девитализированного трахеального матрикса (ДТМ), заселенного мезенхимальными стромальными и эпителиальными клетками, на модели оценки жизнеспособности тканеинженерного имплантата при закрытии критического дефекта дыхательных путей у кроликов. Оценить потенциал ТИК к поддержанию стабильного просвета трахеи в области имплантации. Материалы и методы. Получены сингенные мезенхимальные стромальные клетки костного мозга (МСК КМ) и сингенные эпителиоциты легкого кролика. Морфологию и фенотип культуры МСК КМ подтверждали иммунофлюоресцентным окрашиванием на маркеры CD90 и CD271. Клетки легочного эпителия, полученные методом энзиматической обработки измельченной ткани легкого кролика, были окрашены на характерные для эпителиальных клеток маркеры CKPan, CK8/18 и CK14. Девитализация донорской трахеи проведена тремя последовательными циклами замораживания-оттаивания. Двухслойное заселение ДТМ клетками выполнено в условиях статичного и динамического культивирования. Проведена ортотопическая имплантация ТИК на место дефекта переднебоковой стенки трахеи кролика, сформированного в результате резекции трахеи на протяжении четырех колец. Оценка результатов выполнена методами компьютерной томографии, гистологического и иммуногистохимического анализов. Результаты. Получен имплантат ТИК на основе ДТМ с двухслойным заселением клеточными культурами МСК КМ и эпителиоцитов кролика. Через 3 мес. после имплантации отмечалось приживление ТИК, стенозирования стенки трахеи не наблюдалось, однако отмечалось незначительное сужение просвета в области имплантации. На 6-й мес. после имплантации жизнеспособность тканеинженерной конструкции подтверждалась гистологическим методом. Показана эпителизация и васкуляризация стенки трахеи, отсутствие признаков гнойного воспаления и асептического некроза. Определена причина небольшого сужения просвета трахеихроническое воспаление, вызванное раздражением слизистой шовным материалом. Заключение. Получена модель для оценки жизнеспособности тканеинженерного имплантата при закрытии критического дефекта дыхательных путей. Разработанная ТИК на основе ДТМ, двухслойно заселенного эпителиоцитами легкого и МСК КМ, была успешно применена для замещения непротяженных дефектов трахеи в эксперименте in vivo. Минимальная тканевая реакция на ТИК трахеи была обусловлена биосовместимостью имплантата.
The goal is to present the possibilities of diagnosis verification, the features of the clinical picture of tuberculous pericarditis in the therapeutic clinic and the results of its treatment. Materials and methods. The paper presents clinical observation and a general analysis of 10 cases of tuberculous pericarditis in patients aged 31-79 (mean age 58.0 ± 15.1 years), 6 women and 4 men. Diagnostic puncture pericardium was performed on two patients, pleural puncture - on three Thoracoscopic biopsy of hilar lymph nodes and lung (n=1), pleura (n=1), supraclavicular lymph node biopsy (n=1). Dyskin test was carried out, as well as sputum examination, multispiral computed tomography, oncological search. Results. A 31-year-old patient with a massive effusion in the pericardial cavity, pleural lesion, arthritis of the left knee joint, whose results of the pericardial effusion and sputum were not diagnosed, tuberculosis was detected only with thoracoscopic biopsy of the lung and intrathoracic lymph nodes; the treatment via prednisolone and subtotal pericardectomy was performed. Among 10 patients with MSCT of the lung, changes were noted in general, but in only one case they were highly specific. Diaskin test is positive in 70%. In the study of punctata, bronchoalveolar flushing, Koch bacteria were not detected; at sputum in microscopy and biological sample BC was detected in two patients. The lymphocytic character of effusion in the pericardium / pleura is noted in 4 out of 5 cases. At a biopsy of lymphonoduses and a lung at 2 patients the picture of a granulomatous inflammation with a caseous necrosis. Pericarditis was predominantly large (from 2 cm and more) effusion, signs of constriction were noted in 50% of patients. Conclusion. Tuberculosis is one of the frequent causes of pericarditis in the Moscow therapeutic clinic. The most lymphocytic effusion with fibrin and the development of constriction. The negative results of all laboratory tests for tuberculosis do not exclude a diagnosis, It is necessary to use invasive morphological diagnostics, including thoracoscopic biopsy.
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