The article is devoted to the comprehensive investigation of the quality parameters of tetraploid wheat (Triticum timopheevii) grain. Particular attention is paid to prospects of involving T. timopheevii in breeding programs as a resource of valuable quality and technology properties.
Гибриды сахарной и сверхсахарной кукурузы являются хорошим сырьем для производства функциональных пищевых продуктов, в том числе диетического и детского питания. Важными показателями высокого качества этих продуктов являются повышенное содержание белка и ценного масла, незначительное количество плохо усвояемого кукурузного крахмала и высокое содержание антиоксидантов, а также отменные вкусовые качества. В работе представлены данные по оценке антиоксидантной активности большой группы новых перспективных гибридов сверхсахарной кукурузы среднеспелой группы, созданных с целью получения ценных источников сырья для консервной промышленности. Значения показателя общей антиоксидантной активности варьировали в широком интервале значений (от 31,8 % до 60,4 %, 568,4–1008 мкг/г семян), что указывает на перспективность использования этого важного биохимического параметра в селекции сверхсахарной кукурузы на качество.
Hybrids of excess sugar maize are good raw material for the production of functional food products, including baby food and diet. Important indicators of high quality of these products are high protein content and a valuable oil, a small amount of poorly digestible maize starch and a high content of antioxidants, and also excellent taste qualities. The paper presents data on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of a large group of promising new hybrids of excess sugar maize of mid-group created in order to obtain valuable raw materials for the canning industry. Index value of total antioxidant activity varied over a wide range (from 31,8 % to 60,4 %, 568,4–1,008 mg/g of seed), which indicates on promising use of this important parameter in the breeding of biochemical excess sugar maize on quality.
Purpose and objectives. To screen modern varieties and breeding lines of winter bread wheat with different pigmentation of grain for valuable economic and biochemical characteristics, determining the stability of their expression.
Materials and methods. Sixty-six winter wheat accessions, including 2 white-grained accessions, 3 accessions with violet kernels, 6 accessions with a blue aleurone layer (the other accessions were red-grained), were studied. The field experiments were conducted in 2017–2020 in compliance with the methods of qualification examination of plant varieties. The total content of phenolic compounds, total antioxidant activity, as well as contents of anthocyanins and micronutrients were determined. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and analysis of variance were used to statistically process the data obtained.
Results and discussion. The accessions with a pigmented aleurone layer formed ears 4–7 days later than the check variety and were not resistant to diseases. Plants were taller than 109 cm in Ferugineum 1239, Kharkivska 63, Germakianum 2005-87, Viridiferrugineum 2022-87, BLUExRED, Vavilovy 2004-87, Chornobrova, and Chornozerna. It was the productive stem density (which was less than 6.5 points in the accessions with atypical grain color) that determined the yield level. The accessions yielding over 9 t/ha were selected of the red-grained varieties; most of them had been bred in Ukraine. The accessions with blue and violet kernels gave significantly lower yields, but they were characterized by high total content of phenols in meal (over 800 μg/g of gallic acid equivalent), high content of anthocyanins, and high total antioxidant activity (over 500 μg/g of chlorogenic equivalent).
Conclusions. The accessions with atypical grain color were noticeable for high contents of biologically active substances, but they were significantly inferior to the commercial varieties in terms of yield due to low adaptability to the local conditions. By involving them in hybridization, we obtained material adapted to the conditions of Ukraine; however, further breeding is needed to create a commercial variety.
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