The aim: To study the effect of drug addiction and smoking on the status of periodontal tissues in patients with hepatobiliary pathology. Materials and methods: 58 smokers, 63 drug addicts with hepatobiliary pathology were examined and 92 persons of comparison group (with inflammatory periodontal diseases affected by hepatobiliary pathology, without addiction). Examination of patients included determination of iodine number by Svrakov, S-L and Stallard hygiene indices, PMA index and index PBI. Results: The results of examination of smokers are worse in patients with cirrhosis than in patients with chronic toxic hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and also the results of these two groups was significantly worse than that of the comparison group (iodine number by Svrakov – 1,4 times and 1,3 times higher, PMA index – 1,7 times and 1,4 times worse, in accordance). The results of the study showed that drug addicts patients are worse values in patients with cirrhosis than in patients with chronic toxic hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and also the results of these two groups was significantly worse than that of the comparison group (iodine number by Svrakov – 1,5 times and 1,4 times higher, PMA index – 1,7 times and 1,5 times worse, in accordance). Conclusions: Presence of hepatobiliary pathology in smokers and drug addicts increases the risk of periodontal diseases.
In Ukraine, there is a noticeable tendency to increase the incidence of oral tissue diseases due to the presence of concomitant pathology, the negative impact of environmental factors, namely the presence of bad habits. In recent years, due to numerous clinical studies that have confirmed the effects of smoking on the human body as a whole, leading tobacco companies are making great efforts to develop less harmful nicotine-containing products for public health. These include electronic cigarettes and tobacco heating systems. Research on their effects on human health is still ongoing. And none has an evidentiary answer, including from international organizations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intensity and prevalence of dental hard tissue diseases and periodontal tissue pathology among people who use tobacco heating systems (GLO and IQOS). Material and methods. The article describes the study results of dental hard tissues and periodontal tissues in 75 patients, including 39 people with nicotine dependence, who were tested for caries intensity, resistance of tooth hard tissues to caries, hygiene index, iodine number of Svrakov and the prevalence of periodontal disease. Results and discussion. We determined that individuals who used tobacco heating systems had the worst values of the studied indicators. The prevalence of periodontal diseases was significantly higher than in the surveyed comparison groups, and the increase in the duration of their use was accompanied by an increase in the incidence of periodontal diseases and their severity. Conclusion. The results of the study proved that the use of tobacco heating systems by patients was a negative factor that increased the intensity of caries, reduced the resistance of hard tissues to caries, deteriorated oral hygiene and provoked the development of inflammatory and dystrophic inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. The obtained results confirmed the presence of harmful effects on tissues and organs of the oral cavity, provided the use of drains for tobacco heating systems (GLO and IQOS). In our opinion further clinical studies will be promising to provide professional care to thematic patients
Aim. To investigate the relationship between the physical properties of saliva and enamel resistance and caries intensity in drug-addicted patients. Materials and methods. The study involved 70 patients, who were divided into three groups: the main group (1) – 28 drug addicts diagnosed with caries, the comparison group (2) – 22 patients with caries of dental hard tissues without a history of drug addiction, and the control group (3) – 20 persons without carious lesions of dental hard tissues. We examined the rate of salivation, which was calculated by the formula: Rs = V / T, pH of oral fluid using litmus test strips (Kelilong Instruments, China), structural and functional stability of tooth enamel by the express method TER-test (V. R. Okushko, L. I. Kosareva, 1983), clinically assessed the rate of mineralization according to the Clinical Assessment of the Rate of Enamel Remineralization-test (T. L. Redinova, V. K. Leontiev and G. D. Ovrutsky, 1982), dental caries intensity using the DMF index; the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) was used to assess of the dental hard tissues. Results. In drug-addicted patients with caries of dental hard tissues, the slowest rate of salivation and significant changes in the oral fluid pH toward acidic were observed, namely 5.5 ± 0.09 units compared with patients of other groups. In drug addicts, the average TER-test score was 9.1 ± 0.4 points and was significantly higher than that in non-drug-addicted patients with dental caries (5.4 ± 0.2 points) and people without dental caries (1.9 ± 0.2 points). The Clinical Assessment of the Rate of Enamel Remineralization-test indicators of drug-addicted patients (6.1 ± 0.3 days) were also significantly higher than those of non-addicted and control group patients. The DMF index in drug-addicted patients was 16.4 ± 0.2 points showing a very high intensity of caries with a large proportion of deep carious lesions in the dental hard tissues. Conclusions. In drug addicts, the study results have indicated a 23 % pH shift of the oral fluid toward acidic, and a 22 % decrease in the rate of saliva secretion has also been recorded compared to the healthy individuals. These results were associated with a 79 % decrease in the tooth enamel durability and a 66 % decrease in the remineralizing capacity of the oral fluid in drug addicts as compared to the healthy individuals. The DMF index of group 1 patients differed from that of group 2 patients by 50 % and from group 3 individuals – by 98 %. Drug-addicted patients had 78 % more carious lesions in the dentin compared to non-drug-addicted patients with dental caries.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.