Various methods of gas-vortex stabilization in plasma cutting torches are investigated. The results of the study demonstrate the dependence of the angle of gas injection into the nozzle on the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of plasma jet and, consequently, on the cutting parameters. Increased radial velocity component at the swirler output provides better uniformity of the velocity distribution and kinetic properties of the jet in the affected zone of a cut metal. As a conclusion, it is recommended to use the suggested narrow-jet-plasma technology for cutting thin sheet metals.
The analysis of several constructive solutions for metal cutting in plasmatrons is done. On the basis of the presented solutions, new plasmatrons for precision metals cutting are elaborated. This plasmatrons work using narrow jet plasma technologies and two air-gas paths. Principles, methods and complexities in design of this technology are presented. Also, several results of investigation of cutting quality and acoustic safety of new plasmatrons are presented. New metal cutting technology does not have similar solutions at the Russian market and has great advantages in comparison with traditional domestic and similar foreign plasmatrons.
Influence of gas distribution uniformity in the channels of air-gas paths on efficiency and quality of metals cutting is noted for plasmatrons of various updating. It is shown, that application of gas-dynamic filters promotes efficiency and quality of plasmatrons with the one-line scheme of air-gas pathswork. The technique for estimation of gas distribution uniformity in the channels of metal-cutting plasmatron is presented.
The processes of high temperature material heating for plasma recycling are investigated. The gas-dynamic parameters of the air-plasma flow in the plasma torch mixing chamber for ecology technologies are determined by methods of mathematical modeling. The characteristic temperatures, velocities and heating times of the utilized gas in different areas of the mixing chamber are determined. The directions of further research and development necessary to create a technology of plasma recycling with maximum efficiency are outlined. The issues of plasma recycling introduction at certain stages of high-temperature technologies are also considered.
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