Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis beban pencemar dan daya tampung total nitrogen (TN) dan total fosfat (TP) akibat dari aktivitas antropogenik di Danau Maninjau. Perhitungan beban pencemar untuk aktivitas penduduk, pertanian, peternakan dan jumlah tamu hotel menggunakan Rapid Assesment. Penetapan beban pencemar KJA dan daya tampung yang mengacu kepada Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No 28 Tahun 2009. Lokasi penelitian yang ditetapkan berdasarkan SNI 6989.57:2008 terdiri dari 10 lokasi yaitu tengah danau, PLTA, KJA, inlet dan outlet danau. Uji ANOVA dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% digunakan dalam melihat perbedaan data konsentrasi TN dan TP secara waktu pengambilan sampel dan lokasi sampling. Rasio TN:TP dievaluasi untuk mengetahui pembatas kesuburan perairan dan korelasinya terhadap klorofil.Konsentrasi TN berada pada rentang 0,42 – 0,95 mg/L, TP berkisar 0,18-0,66 mg/L dan klorofil-a 5,49-8,69 mg/m3. Hasil uji ANOVA, konsentrasi TN dan TP secara waktu pengambilan sampel tidak berbeda secara signifikan yaitu 0,64 dan 0,88 sedangkan secara lokasi sampling berbeda secara signifikan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,01 dan 4,03x10-6. TN dan TP memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap klorofil dan diperoleh rasio TN:TP<10 yang mengindikasikan nitrogen sebagai pembatas kesuburan. Beban pencemar TN dan TP terbesar berasal dari KJA yang menyumbang hampir 84,20 % dan 91,83% dari total beban pencemar. Ditinjau dari daya tampung mesotrofik beban pencemar TN belum melebihi sedangkan TP telah melebihi daya tampung sehingga perlu pengurangan hingga 71,34% untuk mesotrofik dan 90,44% untuk oligotrofik. Secara keseluruhan status trofik Danau Maninjau berada pada kondisi eutrofik dengan index 63,39. ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the pollutant load and the capacity of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) resulting from anthropogenic activities in Lake Maninjau. Calculation of the pollutant load for the activities of the population, agriculture, livestock and the number of hotel guests using Rapid Assessment. Determination of KJA pollutant load and carrying capacity refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Environment No. 28 of 2009. The research locations determined based on SNI 6989.57: 2008 consist of 10 locations, namely the middle of the lake, hydropower plant, marine cage, inlet and outlet. ANOVA test with a 95% confidence level was used to see the differences in TN and TP concentration data in terms of sampling time and sampling location. The TN: TP ratio was evaluated to determine the limitation of water fertility and its correlation to chlorophyll. TN concentrations were in the range 0.42 - 0.95 mg / L, TP ranged from 0.18 to 0.66 mg / L and chlorophyll-a was 5.49. -8.69 mg / m3. ANOVA test results, TN and TP concentrations at sampling time did not differ significantly, namely 0.64 and 0.88, while the sampling location was significantly different with a significance value of 0.01 and 4.03x10-6. TN and TP had a strong relationship to chlorophyll and the TN: TP ratio was obtained <10, which indicates nitrogen as a fertility limiter. The largest TN and TP pollutant load comes from KJA which accounts for almost 84.20% and 91.83% of the total pollutant load. Judging from the mesotrophic capacity of the TN pollutant load has not exceeded while the TP has exceeded the capacity so that it needs a reduction of up to 71.34% for mesotrophic and 90.44% for oligotrophic. Overall, the trophic status of Lake Maninjau is in a eutrophic condition with an index of 63.39.
There is limited information and insures for next studies on exogenous brassinolide application fig cultivar of Masui Dauphine (MD) and Improved Brown Turkey (IBT). Therefore, the research objective was to determine the impact of concentrations of exogenous brassinolide application on Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Mass Ratio (LMR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), and Specific Leaf Area (SLA) of fig. Fig resources were propagated using stem cuttings and were transferred into 3:2:1 mixed soil (topsoil:organic matters:sand) media. Two cultivars of fig treated with brassinolide (control, 50, 100 and 200 ml/L) were repeated four times and constructed by Split Plot Randomized Complete Block Design. Changes in the parameter of LAI, LMR, NAR, RGR, and SLA were investigated monthly. There was a significant effect of fig variety alone on LAI, SLA and LMR but it wasn't affected on NAR and RGR. SLA and LMR were influenced by brassinolide but not on LAI, NAR and RGR. Cultivar IBT showed higher responses to these parameters than cultivar MD after receiving brassinolide treatment. The interaction between brassinolide and variety was significant on LAI, SLA and LMR of fig except in the parameters of NAR and RGR.
Application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process for mainstream wastewater in the lower temperature is a current challenge where most of the anammox reactors planted in the sub-tropical country. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of nitrogen removal using anammox process at room temperature in a tropical country. The experiment was carried out using 300 mL an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor in treating low ammonia concentration artificial wastewater at tropical temperature without any adjustment. The reactor filled with 50% in volume spiral-sheet plastic (polyethylene terephthalate) as the carrier. Anammox bacteria Candidatus Brocadia sinica as seeding acclimatized in room temperature for three months before the experiment. The reactor fed with 70 mg-N/L for both ammonium and nitrite with variations in hydraulic retention time (HRT) 24 hours and 12 hours. The maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) achieved 0.12 kg-N/(m3·d) at nitrogen loading rate (NLR) 0.14 kg-N/(m3·d) and NRR 0.25 kg-N/(m3·d) at NLR 0.28 kg-N/(m3·d). The anammox process was stable at room temperatures (15-28°C) in a tropical country for nitrogen removal and anammox bacteria grown on plastic media.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) converted ammonium into nitrogen gas using nitrite as an electron donor in anaerobic conditions by anammox bacteria. Granular anammox was used commonly to remove ammonium from wastewater. It easy to be broken and tend to settle in the bottom of the reactor in the application. A pored ceramic carrier was proposed to cultivate anammox bacteria with two-inflow substrate feeding. The carrier with a diameter of 1.0 mm was set up in the center of the 1.0 L conical filtering flask reactor. The substrate with 70 mg-N/L of ammonium-supplemented substate was introduced into the reactor through the center of the ceramic carrier from the bottom and 70 mg-N/L nitrite-supplemented substrates into the outside of ceramic carrier with HRT 3 hours. The influent and effluent concentration measured once a week using ion chromatography. The experiment was conducted in the 35°C controlled temperature room. Anammox bacteria grew by filled and covered the ceramic carrier’s pore, and a flock of anammox settled in the reactor. The reactor’s performance achieved a maximum of 76.496 % NRE and 0.901 kg-N/m3·d NRR, respectively.
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