The switching fabric in the Avici TSR uses a 3-D torus topology with each line card carrying one node of the torus. It requires no centralized switching fabric, whereas its scalability is limited by the bisection bandwidth. This paper proposes a novel architecture called Cellular Router (CR). There exist some problems with the basic CR architecture. They are solved by introducing Mirror Points (MPs). This paper also gives the design of line cards in this architecture. In the end, the design of routing algorithms is introduced on this architecture. The CR architecture shows excellent scalability and fault tolerance. It is a promising choice for the design of scalable routers.
The exponential growth of user traffic has been driving routers to run at higher capacity. In a traditional router, the centralized switching fabric is becoming the bottleneck for its limited number of ports and complicated scheduling algorithms. Direct networks, such as 3-D Torus topology, have been successfully applied to the design of scalable routers. They show good scalability and fault tolerance. Unfortunately, its scalability is limited in practice. In this paper, we introduce another type of direct network, called H-Torus. This network shows excellent topological properties. On its basis, the designs of line card and routing algorithms are introduced. Extensive simulations show that the routing algorithm is very important in such a system and results in low latency with high throughput.
The digital car key is available on smart devices now. People no longer have to bring the key fob to unlock and start the engine. The existing schemes have some problems, such as poor device compatibility and poor user experience. In this paper, we proposed an unperceived digital car key scheme based on Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) SIM card. After owner paring, the vehicle automatically locks/unlocks when the terminal device with the BLE SIM card approaches/leaves it. The data of the digital car key is stored in the secure element of the Bluetooth SIM card. The digital credentials are exchanged and mutually authenticated through a Bluetooth connection between the vehicle and the BLE SIM card. Compared to the existing schemes, our scheme has better device compatibility and a better user experience.
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