Genetic defects in cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause CF. Infants with CFTR mutations show a peribronchial neutrophil infiltration prior to the establishment of infection in their lung. The inflammatory response progressively increases in children that include both upper and lower airways. Infectious and inflammatory response leads to an increase in mucus viscosity and mucus plugging of small and medium-size bronchioles. Eventually, neutrophils chronically infiltrate the airways with biofilm or chronic bacterial infection. Perpetual infection and airway inflammation destroy the lungs, which leads to increased morbidity and eventual mortality in most of the patients with CF. Studies have now established that neutrophil cytotoxins, extracellular DNA, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are associated with increased mucus clogging and lung injury in CF. In addition to opportunistic pathogens, various aspects of the CF airway milieux (e.g., airway pH, salt concentration, and neutrophil phenotypes) influence the NETotic capacity of neutrophils. CF airway milieu may promote the survival of neutrophils and eventual pro-inflammatory aberrant NETosis, rather than the anti-inflammatory apoptotic death in these cells. Degrading NETs helps to manage CF airway disease; since DNAse treatment release cytotoxins from the NETs, further improvements are needed to degrade NETs with maximal positive effects. Neutrophil-T cell interactions may be important in regulating viral infection-mediated pulmonary exacerbations in patients with bacterial infections. Therefore, clarifying the role of neutrophils and NETs in CF lung disease and identifying therapies that preserve the positive effects of neutrophils, while reducing the detrimental effects of NETs and cytotoxic components, are essential in achieving innovative therapeutic advances.

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This paper examined the relationships among employee's participation in decision making (PDM), manager's encouragement of creativity (MEOC) and employee's creativity (CTY) and the role of climate for creativity and change (CLT) as a possible mediator among the relationships. Multisource data was collected from 206 employees and their managers. The results indicated that employee's participation in decision making and manager's encouragement of creativity were positively related with employee's creativity. Support was also found for the role of climate for creativity and change as a partial mediator. Findings suggested that employee's creativity was positively related with employee's participation in decision making and manager's encouragement of creativity through climate for creativity and change.

The present research analysed the relationships among organizational justice, psychological empowerment, organizational citizenship behaviour, and perceived organizational performance. For this purpose, the data was collected from 260 employees working in different banks in Pakistan. Baron and Kenny's regression approach was used to test the mediation effect. In addition, Sobel test by Preacher, K. J. & Hayes, A. F. was also used for bootstrapping in the SPSS. All the alternate hypotheses of the study were accepted. The results of the study revealed that organizational citizenship behaviour partially mediated the relationship between organizational justice and perceived organizational performance. It was also found that organizational citizenship behaviour fully mediated the relationship between psychological empowerment and perceived organizational performance.

Ophthalmic formulations in terms of eye drops are more frequently used formulation for ocular disorders. But unfortunately this mode of drug instillation into the cul-de-sac of eye shows very poor ocular bioavailability (less than 5%). A large number of carrier systems have been investigated to overcome this problem. In the present study a novel nano-carrier system (Ketorolac loaded cubosomes) is developed and evaluated for the safe and enhance ocular bioavailability. Cubosomes were developed and optimized by utilizing glyceryl monooleate, poloxamer 407 and initial drug concentration. Finally developed formulation was evaluated for various In vitro characteristics i.e. particles size, size distribution, shape and morphology, in-vitro release profile, corneal permeation, corneal retention, and ocular tolerance study. The optimized drug loaded cubosomal formulation showed mean particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency 127.3±12.23 nm, 0.205±0.011, and 53.27±5.23 %, respectively. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed a cubic shape of developed formulation. Further, developed formulation exhibited biphasic release profile. Significant high transcorneal permeation (2.07 folds) and corneal retention (2.24 folds) of ketorolac was observed with cubosomal formulation correspond to Ketorolac solution (p<0.01). Further safety profile of optimized formulation was evaluated by histopathology of corneal membrane. The developed novel ocular carrier system (cubosomes) might be a promising platform as a vehicle for effective ocular drug delivery.