Either PD develops selectively in the enterically α-Syn-positive population subset or PD induces this expression. Absence of increased α-Syn expression in AD points to differences in pathogenesis.

EVIDENCE REVIEW A systematic review of the literature dating from 2008, when IDH mutation was discovered to be clinically significant in glioma, to 2013 was performed using the PubMed database. The following search terms were used: IDH, IDH1, IDH2, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, in conjunction with glioma or leukemia. The search was limited to articles published in English. Further hand searching was performed using a review of the pertinent references from the identified publications. All identified original articles were investigated for content and critiqued by Z.T. and S.D.FINDINGS IDH mutation is an early event in gliomagenesis and has significant implications for glioma progression and tumor behavior. Early evidence suggests that IDH may be a therapeutic target in IDH-mutant gliomas. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIDH mutation is a central and defining event in the development and progression of glioma and may be a key target for future therapies for these types of neoplasms.