Knowledge on the range of variability of montane European forests is hampered by limited data on the natural disturbance regime and by the small size of old-growth remnants. We studied the mixed Fagus – Abies – Picea Lom forest reserve (55.8 ha) in Bosnia and Herzegovina at three different scales: a grid of 40 sampling points to describe the structural characteristics and their range of variability, three transects to analyse gap size and gap fraction, and a 1.1 ha permanent plot to reconstruct age structure and disturbance history. The forest is characterized by a high volume of living trees (763 m3·ha–1 in the 55.8 ha core area and 1160 m3·ha–1 in the permanent plot) and of coarse woody debris (327 and 383 m3·ha–1, respectively). The percentages of forest area in canopy and expanded gaps are 19% and 41%, respectively. The median canopy gap size is 76.9 m2 and ranges from 11.1 to 708.0 m2. There are large (up to 120 cm diameter at breast height) and very old trees (441, 432, and 416 years for silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.), respectively). During the last three centuries, the disturbance patterns have been characterized by single-tree or small group mortality. In central Europe, this forest is at the end of a gradient from forests characterized by intermediate disturbances to those where very small-scale processes predominate.

Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is the most common conifer species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper describes the development of a silver fir master tree-ring chronology from Kozara National Park and analyzes the influence of the climate conditions on tree-ring widths. The knowledge concerning the effect of climate on cambium activity and, as a result, on tree growth is of great importance for silviculture, which is particularly complex in terms of deterioration of health condition. Four sites were selected for sampling at Kozara National Park. At each sampling site, 15 dominant trees were drilled with Pressler’s increment borer at breast height. The development of chronology included three steps: i) cross-dating of a series of tree-ring width and checking of their quality using the COFECHA program, ii) data standardization in the ARSTAN program, and iii) master chronology development. Correlation analysis was performed in order to determine the links between tree-ring width and climate (primarily temperature and precipitation). In the 88-year-long master chronology, pointer years analysis identified five positive and nine negative years. Correlation analysis revealed that precipitation had stronger and more significant impact on silver fir radial growth, particularly at the beginning of the growing season, in April and May (r=0.175 and r=0.318, respectively), and in the crucial July−September period (r in the range of 0.143−0.222). The highest negative correlation coefficient with temperature was determined for September of the previous year (r=-0.282) and then for summer months (July and August) of the current year (r=-0.184 and r=-0.272, respectively). In addition, statistically significant correlation between radial growth and the Forestry Aridity Index was determined (r=-0.390). The results of tree-ring width climate analysis obtained in this study are in accordance with other studies carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the surrounding area.

Posebna vrijednost metoda ure ivanja šuma u Bosni i Hercegovini je što omoguava pra enje stanja šuma, odnosno kontrolu gazdovanja.Apstrakt: Analiza i ocjena gazdovanja šumama u proteklom ure ajnom periodu, kao poglavlje u šumskoprivrednim osnovama, od klju nog je zna aja za održivo gazdovanje. Rezultati naše analize, na uzorku od devet šumskoprivrednih osnova iz Republike Srpske, nedvosmisleno su pokazali formalni karakter izrade ovog poglavlja. Površine ure ajnih jedinica neopravdano trpe stalne promjene. Zalihe se tako e nerealno mijenjaju u toku ure ajnog perioda, a veliki, esto drasti an, pad kvaliteta šuma ostaje neobrazložen. Promjene prirasta tako e nemaju adekvatno obrazloženje, a ne pridaje se potreban zna aj ni analizi otvorenosti šuma. Kod analize realizacije plana sje a konstatovano je više situacija nepoštovanja zakonskih odredbi kako u pisanju ovog poglavlja, tako i u samom gazdovanju šumama. Sli na je situacija sa šumskouzgojnim radovima i zaštitom šuma. Zbog izostanka mjera njege i proreda šumske kulture nestaju. Realizacija šumskih drvnih sortimenata po strukturi je zabrinjavaju e loša. Dok najvrijedniji sortimenti "teže nuli" otpad se pove ava. Investicije i ne postoje. U potpunosti su zapostavljene ostale funkcije i usluge šuma. Ne daje se kriti ka ocjena gazdovanja u proteklom ure ajnom periodu, koja je obavezna u šumskoprivrednim osnovama.Klju ne rije i: šumskoprivredna osnova, analiza gazdovanja šumama, ure ajni period.

Treba znati da statisti ka greška pokazuje preciznost, a ne ta nost procjene. UVODU prethodnom radu bilo je govora o potrebi standardizacije vrsta šuma (klasifikacionih ure ajnih jedinica), kao osnovnom preduslovu za planiranje gazdovanja uopšte (Maunaga i Duki , 2013). Tada je konstatovano da veliki problem u praksi predstavlja razli it pristup u izdvajanju i šifriranju gazdinskih klasa. Zbog toga kategorije šuma predstavljaju sigurniji okvir za (grubo) pra enje promjena stanja šuma od gazdinskih klasa. Nakon analize vrsta šuma postavlja se pitanje da li su ta ni podaci koji su utvrivani prilikom redovnog ure ivanja šuma. Od kakvog su zna aja ti podaci za planiranje gazdovanja ne treba posebno naglašavati.U tre em radu vidje emo kako se u ŠPO prati promjena stanja šuma i vrši analiza gazdovanja, dok e etvrti rad biti fokusiran na planove gazdovanja. Time e, sa ova etiri rada, biti zaokružena analiza kvaliteta (do)sadašnjih ŠPO.

Maunaga: Praktični aspekti uređivanja šuma u Republici Srpskoj -raznodobno gazdovanje Šumarstvo u okviru društva možemo posmatrati kao poseban sistem. Njega čine tri cjeline: sistem upravljanja, uređivanje šuma i gazdovanje šumama (Slika 1). U ovom radu biće govora o uređivanju šuma, koje predstavlja sponu (vezu) između upravljanja i gazdovanja. Težište je na sistemu gazdovanja, kao ključnom elementu tehničkog cilja gazdovanja. UVOD IzvodTrend pogoršanja stanja visokih šuma s prirodnom obnovom neizbježno zahtijeva našu reakciju. Ključno je pitanje kako trajno osigurati visoku produkciju i kvalitet drvne zalihe. U vezi s tim, u ovom radu, predložen je novi način gazdovanja, nazvan raznodobno gazdovanje.