Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common aggressive malignant tumors in urogenital system, and the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal carcinoma. Immune related long non-coding RNAs (IRlncRs) plentiful in immune cells and immune microenvironment (IME) are potential in evaluating prognosis and assessing the effects of immunotherapy. A completed and meaningful IRlncRs analysis based on abundant ccRCC gene samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) will provide insight in this field. Methods: Based on the TCGA dataset, we integrated the expression profiles of IRlncRs and overall survival (OS) in the 611 ccRCC patients. The immune score of each sample was calculated based on the expression level of immunerelated genes and used to identify the most meaningful IRlncRs. Survival-related IRlncRs (sIRlncRs) was estimated by calculating the algorithm of difference and COX regression analysis in ccRCC patients. Based on the median immune-related risk score (IRRS) developed from the screened sIRlncRs, the high-risk and low-risk components were distinguished. Functional annotation was detected by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and the immune composition and purity of the tumor was evaluated by microenvironment cell population records. The expression levels of three sIRlncRs were verified in various tissues and cell lines. Results: A total of 39 IRlncRs were collected by Pearson correlation analyses among immune score and the lncRNA expression. A total of 7 sIRlncRs were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of ccRCC patients. Three sIRl-ncRs (ATP1A1-AS1, IL10RB-DT and MELTF-AS1) with the most significant prognostic values were enrolled to build the IRRS model in which the OS of in the high-risk group was shorter than that in the low-risk group. The IRRS was identified as an independent prognosis factor and correlated with the OS. The high-risk group and low-risk group illustrated different distributions in PCA and different immune status in GSEA. Besides, we found the more significant expression in certain ccRCC cell lines and tumor tissues of ccRCC patients compared with the HK-2 and adjacent tissues respectively. Additionally, the expression levels of lncR-MELTF-AS1 and IL10RB-DT were remarkably enhanced along the more advanced T-stages, but the lncR-ATP1A1-AS1 showed the inverse gradient.

Background: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) was the 2 nd most common subtype, accounting for approximately 15% incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Immune related long non-coding RNAs (IR-lncRs) plentiful in immune cells and immune microenvironment (IME) are potential in evaluating prognosis and assessing the effects of immunotherapy. A completed and meaningful IR-lncRs analysis based on abundant pRCC gene samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) will provide insight in this field. Results: 17 IR-lncRs were selected by Pearson correlation analysis of immune score and the lncRNA expression level, and 5 sIRlncRs were significantly correlated with the OS of pRCC patients. 4 sIRlncRs (AP001267.3, AC026471.3, SNHG16 and ADAMTS9-AS1) with the most remarkable prognostic values were identified to establish the IRRS model and the OS of the low-risk group was longer than that in the high-risk group. The IRRS was certified as an independent prognosis factor and correlated with the OS. The high-risk group and low-risk group showed significantly different distributions and immune status through PCA and GSEA. In addition, we further found the expression levels of SNHG16 was remarkably enhanced in female patients with more advanced T-stages, but ADAMTS9-AS1 showed the opposite results. Conclusion: The IRRS model based on the identified 4 sIRlncRs showed the significant values on forecasting prognoses of pRCC patients, with the longer OS in the low-risk group. Methods: We integrated the expression profiles of LncRNA and overall survival (OS) in the 322 pRCC patients based on the TCGA dataset. The immune scores calculated on account of the expression level of immune-related genes were used to verify the most relevant IR-lncRs. Survival-related IR-lncRs (sIRlncRs) were estimated by COX regression analysis in pRCC patients. The high-risk group and low-risk group were identified by the median immune-related risk score (IRRS) model established by the screened sIRlncRs. Functional annotation was displayed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and the immune composition and purity of the tumor were evaluated through microenvironment cell count records. The expression levels of sIRlncRs of pRCC samples were verified by real-time quantitative PCR.

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The results demonstrate that amphetamine can induce whole-body heat shock that can precondition the heart, enhancing cellular tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Amphetamine is a sympathomimetic drug that may be used for preconditioning.