The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of (a) a drop jump (DJ) protocol with 1 set per 5 repetitions and (b) a DJ protocol with 2 sets per 5 repetitions on countermovement jump (CMJ) height performance in volleyball players at recovery times of (a) 2 minutes, (b) 6 minutes, and (c) 12 minutes. The subjects were 10 male Division I college volleyball players. They were instructed to perform a pretest of 3 CMJs and then randomly assigned to perform (a) a DJ protocol with 1 set per 5 repetitions and (b) a DJ protocol with 2 sets per 5 repetitions. After the DJ, 3 CMJs were completed in 2, 6, and 12 minutes. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the differences between training volumes and recovery times in CMJ height (H(CMJ)) and maximum ground reaction force. Both DJ training volumes significantly increased the H(CMJ). The H(CMJ) at post 2 minutes was greater than those at the pretest (p = 0.008), post 6 minutes (p = 0.004), and post 12 minutes (p = 0.002). In addition, the H(CMJ) at post 6 minutes was significantly greater than that at post 12 minutes (p = 0.018). Drop jumps in lower volume (e.g., within 10 repetitions) and short recovery time (e.g., within 2 minutes) can produce a positive acute effect on CMJ performance.
The aims of the present study were (a) to determine whether the two types of complex training and vibration complex training would improve the individual phenomenon of post-activation potentiation (PAP) for every athlete in a team setting; and (b) to compare the acute effect of resistance and plyometric exercise, whole body vibration, complex training and vibration complex training on vertical jump performance. The participants were ten male division I college volleyball and basketball players. They were asked to perform three vertical jumps as a pre-test and were then randomly assigned to one of five PAP protocols, resistance exercise using half squat exercise, plyometric exercise using drop jumps with individualized drop height, whole body vibration using squats on a vibration plate, complex training combining resistance exercise with plyometric exercise, vibration complex training combining whole body vibration with plyometric exercise. Three vertical jumps were performed four minutes after the PAP protocol as a post-test. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the differences among the five PAP protocols and between the two testing times. Our results showed that the post-test results were significantly improved compared to the pre-test for the vertical jump height (p = .015) IntroductionVertical jump (VJ) ability has been shown to be an important factor in the success or failure of sports performances (e.g. high, long and triple jumps) (Chattong et al., 2010). Researchers, coaches and athletes often utilise the VJ to examine muscle performance of the lower extremity and pursue improved VJ performances via exercise and/or training in sports. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic heavy load exercise (e.g. 1 to 5 repetitions max [RM] squat, drop jump and whole body vibration) with appropriate prescription can improve VJ performance (Arabatzi et al., 2010;Byrne et al., 2010;Wang et al., 2014). For acute improvement, some researchers and coaches have used heavy load exercise as a warm-up protocol to immediately enhance the following VJ performance (Chen et al., 2013;Cormie et al., 2006;Kilduff et al., 2007;Lamont et al., 2010;Gołaś et al., 2016).An improved performance following heavy load exercise is known as the phenomenon of post-activation potentiation (PAP) (Kilduff et al., 2007). There are two proposed physiological mechanisms for PAP: 1) regulation of myosin light chain phosphorylation can increase the (Chen et al., 2013;Cormie et al., 2006;Lamont et al., 2010;McCann and Flanagan, 2010). In contrast, other studies have found no subsequent improvement in VJ following RE, PE and WBV (Dallas et al., 2014;Jensen and Ebben, 2003;SaezSaez de Villarreal et al., 2007). The discrepancies between these studies have been, at least in part, explained by the different type of conditioning exercise and/or different volumes and intensities of the conditioning exercises with a different recovery time (Miarka et al., 2011;SaezSaez de Villarreal et al., 2007;Till and Cooke, 2009;...
Background Pes planus (flatfoot) is a common deformity characterized by the midfoot arch collapses during walking. As the midfoot is responsible for shock absorption, persons with flatfoot experience increased risk of injuries such as thumb valgus, tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, metatarsal pain, knee pain, lower-back pain with prolonged uphill, downhill, and level walking, depriving them of the physical and mental health benefits of walking as an exercise. Methods Fifteen female college students with flatfoot were recruited. A wireless plantar-pressure system was used to measure the stance time, cadence, plantar pressure, and contact area. Parameters were compared between wearing flat and arch-support insoles using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA with on an incline, decline, and level surface, respectively. The significance level α was set to 0.05. The effect size (ES) was calculated as a measure of the practical relevance of the significance using Cohen’s d . Results On the level surface, the stance time in the arch-support insole was significantly shorter than in the flat insole ( p <0.05; ES = 0.48). The peak pressure of the big toe in the arch-support insole was significantly greater than in the flat insole on the uphill ( p <0.05; ES = 0.53) and level surfaces ( p <0.05; ES = 0.71). The peak pressure of the metatarsals 2–4 and the contact area of the midfoot in the arch-support insole were significantly greater than in the flat insole on all surfaces (all p < 0.05). Conclusions These results imply that wearing an arch-support insole provides benefits in the shortened stance time and generation of propulsion force to the big toe while walking on uphill and level surfaces and to the metatarsals 2–4 while walking on the level surface. More evenly distributed contact areas across the midfoot may help absorb shock during uphill, downhill and level walking.
The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of foam rolling and vibration foam rolling on drop jump performance. The optimal time interval between warm-up using foam rolling or vibration foam rolling and drop jump performance was identified. This study included 16 male NCAA Division I college volleyball athletes. Three interventions were performed in a randomized order: the foam rolling exercise (FRE), vibration foam rolling exercise (VFRE), and static rest (control). The drop jump was performed before interventions, as well as 2 and 5 min after interventions. The FRE exhibited higher values for drop jump height (DJH) (p = 0.001; η2 = 0.382; statistical power = 0.964) and mean power generation at the hip joint (p = 0.006; η2 = 0.277; statistical power = 0.857) at 2 min compared with before intervention but not at 5 min (p > 0.05). However, the VFRE showed no significant changes in DJH (p > 0.05), and found that hippower was decreased at 5 min (p = 0.027; η2 = 0.214; statistical power = 0.680). The FRE completed in 2 min before rapid single action competition (sprint, long jump, triple jump, etc.) could increase sports performance.
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