A semi-empirical method for selecting the processing parameters of laser cladding is proposed. This phenomenological approach uses simple mathematical formulae, derived from a statistical analysis of measured data, to relate the laser cladding parameters with the geometric features of the clad track. Given the prescribed clad height and available laser beam power, the proposed method allows to calculate values of the scanning speed and powder feed rate which are required to obtain low dilution, pore free coatings, fusion bonded to the substrate. To illustrate the application of this method, variable powder feed rate laser cladding experiments were carried out with Stellite 6 powder on mild steel substrates. In this technique the laser beam power and radius and the processing speed are kept constant, while the powder feed rate is varied along a single track length according to a specified linear function. The expressions derived from the model allowed to plot the experimental data in a coherent manner, revealing the combined role of the different processing parameters.
A new classification of different laser beam induced surface engineering technologies is offered in this paper. An in situ laser melt injection technology is applied in this paper to modify the surface of an inexpensive carbon steel substrate. Relatively large WCzTi particles were blown into a laser melt steel pool, and the desired (Ti,W)C carbide particles were precipitated upon cooling and solidification. Although these primary (Ti,W)C carbide particles were micrometre sized, additional nanosized (Fe,W) 6 C particles were found to precipitate during the subsequent heat treatment from an oversaturated steel matrix. Thus, a steel matrix surface nanocomposite was produced by the combination of in situ laser melt injection technology and subsequent heat treatment.
In the present study the analysis of 5 different mechanisms of porosity formation during laser melt
injection (LMI) technology were performed. Experiments were supported by thermodynamic and
fluid-flow analysis. Special attention should be paid to i. clean the surface of the substrate, ii. use
inert shielding gas, iii. use proper particle size and gas velocity, iv. use proper laser power and laser
beam velocity to control bath temperature and v. deoxidize the surface of the added particles.
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