A visible light‐induced photocyanation of tertiary amines by a stable, less‐toxic and user‐friendly CN reagent cyanobenziodoxolone (CBX) was developed. This cyanation process does not require any photocatalyst, oxidant, base or additives, representing a set of extremely mild and succinct reaction conditions and a broad substrate scope. In addition to the frequently used N‐aryl amine derivatives, more challenging tertiary aliphatic amines (modified by a α‐silyl substituent) can also be photocyanated smoothly. Mechanistic studies reveal that the cyanation reaction is enabled by an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex formed by the interaction between the amine and the cyanobenziodoxolone reagent.
Selective delivery of an N-nucleophile
onto an alkyl radical is
a challenging step in redox catalysis. In this work, di-tert-butyl hydrazodiformate was found to be a unique effective amination
reagent in Cu-catalyzed C(sp3)–N bond formation
reactions that involve alkyl radical intermediates. This method is
applicable to both electron-deficient and electron-rich radicals,
and we were thus able to achieve the direct C–N coupling of
activated bromides, as well as the carboamination of general alkenes
based on this chemistry. Mechanistic studies suggest that the hydrazodiformate
forms a reducing dinuclear complex with Cu and the ligand which, upon
1e-oxidation, turns into an open-shell species with the major spin
density on N atoms. With the assistance of a ligand, this species
can selectively deliver the hydrazine moiety onto an alkyl radical
(prior to halide transfer), leading to the formation of a C(sp3)–N bond. The products obtained with this amination method
could be easily deprotected to afford alkyl hydrazines and further
derived to primary amines or N-heterocycles.
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