Objective To explore the efficacy of target positioning by preoperative CT/MRI image fusion technique in deep brain stimulation.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and images of 79 cases (68 with Parkinson's disease, 11 with dystonia) who received preoperative CT/MRI image fusion in target positioning of subthalamic nucleus in deep brain stimulation. Deviation of implanted electrodes from the target nucleus of each patient were measured. Neurological evaluations of each patient before and after the treatment were performed and compared. Complications of the positioning and treatment were recorded.Results The mean deviations of the electrodes implanted on X, Y, and Z axis were 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.6 mm, respectively. Postoperative neurologic evaluations scores of unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) for Parkinson's disease and Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) for dystonia patients improved significantly compared to the preoperative scores (P<0.001); Complications occurred in 10.1% (8/79) patients, and main side effects were dysarthria and diplopia.Conclusion Target positioning by preoperative CT/MRI image fusion technique in deep brain stimulation has high accuracy and good clinical outcomes.
In this study, potassium ferrocyanide, a nontoxic cyanide precursor in dark and diffuse reflection environment, was applied as reagent for the leaching of gold. The free cyanide ions could gradually release from potassium ferrocyanide solution under the ultraviolet light. Orthogonal leaching experiments were performed in gold ore to analyze the effect of solution pH, potassium ferrocyanide dosage, and temperature in a potassium ferrocyanide solution system under UV light. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to explore the role of potassium ferrocyanide in gold leaching; optimized results showed that the gold recovery reached 67.74% in a high-alkaline environment at a 12.6 pH, 3.8 kg/t potassium ferrocyanide dosage, 62 °C, and irradiance of 10 mW·cm−2. The gold leaching kinetics were monitored by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) of potassium ferrocyanide solution. The results indicate that the gold extraction process could be divided into two stages: adsorption and leaching, and a rigid adsorption layer formed on the reaction surface. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the gold sensor surface after leaching reaction showed that –C≡N appears on the gold sensor surface, and the gold is oxidized to form AuCN complexes.
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