Morphological and microstructural evolution in the two-step growth of nonpolar a -plane GaN on r -plane sapphire Influence of gallium supersaturation on the properties of GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition J. Appl. Phys.

Nonpolar m-plane (11¯00) InGaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on low-extended defect density bulk m-plane GaN substrates offer great potential for high performance devices due to the absence of polarization-related internal electric fields. To optimize the quantum well (QW) structure, systematic sets of near blue-ultraviolet LEDs using different well widths, barrier widths, and QW periods were packaged and tested. With increasing current, high power LEDs were realized with fairly flat external quantum efficiency and blueshift-free peak wavelength for QWs with thicknesses from 8to20nm, barrier widths from 10to22nm, and QW numbers from 4 to 10.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) on the immune function of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 114 patients with HCC were selected and their peripheral blood was collected before and 1 month after TACE treatment. Flow cytometry and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were performed to analyze the changes in immune function in patients before and after treatment. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for survival analysis. The programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) expression before TACE treatment were significantly higher in patients with poor TACE response compared with those patients with well response. Higher PD-L1 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells after TACE predicted a superior prognosis. After TACE treatment, the proportion of CD4 + /CD8 + cells were decreased while the expression levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) were significantly increased. To conclude, TACE could reduce the proportion of CD4 + /CD8 + cells and improve the mRNA expression levels of PD1 in patients with HCC. The expression levels of PD1 and PD-L1 were closely related to the therapeutic effect of TACE and the prognosis of patients with HCC. TACE combined with immunotherapy may have potential clinical value for patients with HCC.

Numerical simulation is an effective method to get the optimal operating parameters in the chemical engineering process. In this work, the transport mechanism of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process was simulated and predicted by mathematical model, which was established based on the convective heat transfer coefficient, and 0.5M aqueous NaCl solution was concentrated with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) hydrophobic microporous membrane prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) in the VMD process. The as-presented mathematical model simulated the effects of different operating parameters on the VMD performances for aqueous NaCl solution, such as feed temperature, feed flow rate, absolute pressure of membrane permeate side, temperature coefficient, membrane thickness, and porosity. A comparison between experimental data and simulated data was also considered to verify the proposed mathematical model. Additionally, the salt rejection of aqueous NaCl solution production water in VMD was higher than 99.9%.