BackgroundEmerging evidences indicate that dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in cancer tumorigenesis and progression. LncRNA ANRIL has been shown to promote the progression of gastric cancer. However, the role of lncRNA ANRIL in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear.MethodsExpression of lncRNA ANRIL was analyzed in 87 NSCLC tissues and three lung cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The correlation of lncRNA ANRIL with clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. Suppression of lncRNA ANRIL using siRNA treatment was performed in order to explore its role in tumor progression.ResultsThe expression level of lncRNA ANRIL was higher in NSCLC tissues and lung cancer cells than in adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Higher expression of lncRNA ANRIL in NSCLC tissues was associated with higher TNM stage and advanced lymph node metastasis. Patients with high lncRNA ANRIL expression had poorer overall survival compared with low lncRNA ANRIL group. Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that high expression of lncRNA ANRIL was an independent poor prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients. Moreover, knockdown of lncRNA ANRIL expression could inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro.ConclusionsOur results suggested that lncRNA ANRIL was a potential biomarker for NSCLC prognosis, and the dysregulation of lncRNA ANRIL may play an important role in NSCLC progression.Virtual SlidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1707061287149690.
Abstract-Ever-increasing integrated circuit (IC) power densities and peak temperatures threaten reliability, performance, and economical cooling. To address these challenges, thermal analysis must be embedded within IC synthesis. However, this requires accurate three-dimensional chip-package heat flow analysis. This has typically been based on numerical methods that are too computationally intensive for numerous repeated applications during synthesis or design. Thermal analysis techniques must be both accurate and fast for use in IC synthesis.This article presents a novel, accurate, incremental, spatially and temporally adaptive chip-package thermal analysis technique, called ISAC, for use in IC synthesis and design. It is common for IC temperature variation to strongly depend on position and time. ISAC dynamically adapts spatial and temporal modeling granularity to achieve high efficiency while maintaining accuracy. Both steady-state and dynamic thermal analysis are accelerated by the proposed heterogeneous spatial resolution adaptation and asynchronous thermal element time-marching techniques. Each technique enables orders of magnitude improvement in performance while preserving accuracy when compared with other state-of-the-art adaptive steady-state and dynamic IC thermal analysis techniques. Experimental results indicate that these improvements are sufficient to make accurate dynamic and static thermal analysis practical within the inner loops of IC synthesis algorithms. ISAC has been validated against reliable commercial thermal analysis tools using industrial and academic synthesis test cases and chip designs. It has been implemented as a software package suitable for integration in IC synthesis and design flows and will be publicly released.
Background: Limited resections for early stage lung cancer have been of increasing interests recently.However, it is still unclear to what extent a limited resection could preserve pulmonary function comparing to standard lobectomy, especially in the context of minimally invasive surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative changes of spirometry in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy or limited resections. Methods: Spirometry tests were obtained prospectively before and 6 months after 75 VATS lobectomy, 34 VATS segmentectomy, 15 VATS wedge resection. Eleven VATS mediastinal procedures without lung resection were taken as a control group. Results were compared between groups of different resection extent. Results: Demographic characteristics and preoperative pulmonary function showed no differences among the four groups. Forced vital capacity (FVC) loss after lobectomy was significantly greater than after segmentectomy (P=0.048), and much significantly greater than after wedge resection (P<0.001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) loss after lobectomy was similar to segmentectomy (P=0.273), both significantly greater than after wedge resection (P<0.01). Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) loss was similar among these three groups (P=0.293). There was no significant difference in any spirometry index between wedge resection and mediastinal procedures (FVC: P=0.856; FEV1: P=0.671; DLCO: P=0.057). When compared by average value per segment resected, pulmonary function loss was significantly less after lobectomy than after segmentectomy in all spirometry indexes (P<0.001). On average, pulmonary function loss was around 5% per segment for VATS lobectomy and 10% per segment for VATS segmentectomy. Conclusions: In minimal invasive surgery, wedge resection best preserves pulmonary function with similar spirometry change with VATS mediastinal procedures without lung resection. Compared with VATS lobectomy, VATS segmentectomy may help minimize loss of FVC but not FEV1 or DLCO. Pulmonary function loss per segment resected is doubled after VATS segmentectomy than after lobectomy. These results should be taken into account when deciding the extent of resection for patients with early stage lung cancer.
Background: It is so far not clear that how myasthenia gravis (MG) affected the prognosis of thymoma patients. The aim of this assay is to compare the postoperative survival between patients with thymoma only and those with both thymoma and MG. Methods:The Chinese Alliance for Research in Thymomas (ChART) registry recruited patients with thymoma from 18 centers over the country on an intention to treat basis from 1992 to 2012. Two groups were formed according to whether the patient complicated MG. Demographic and clinical data were reviewed, patients were followed and their survival status were analyzed.Results: There were 1,850 patients included in this study, including 421 with and 1,429 without MG.Complete thymectomy were done in 91.2% patients in MG group and 71.0% in non-MG group (P<0.05).There were more percentage of patients with the histology of thymoma AB, B1, or B2 (P<0.05) in MG group, and more percentage of patients with MG were in Masaoka stage I and II. The 5-and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were both higher in MG group (93% vs. 88%; 83% vs. 81%, P=0.034) respectively. The survival rate was significantly higher in patients with MG when the Masaoka staging was 3/4 (P=0.003). Among patients with advanced stage thymoma (stage 3, 4a, 4b), the constituent ratios of 3, 4a, 4b were similar between MG and non-MG group. Histologically, however, there were significantly more proportion of AB/B1/B2/B3 in the MG group while there were more C in the non-MG group (P=0.000).
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