Sustainable agriculture is an important global issue. The use of organic fertilizers can enhance crop yield and soil properties while restraining pests and diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of long-term use of chemical and organic fertilizers on tea and rhizosphere soil properties in tea orchards. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-throughput sequencing technology analyses were used to investigate heavy metals content and bacterial composition in rhizosphere soils. Our results indicated that organic fertilizer treatment significantly decreased Cu, Pb and Cd contents in rhizosphere soil sample. The results also showed that treatment with organic fertilizer significantly decreased the contents of Cd, Pb and As in tea leaves. Furthermore, organic fertilizer significantly increased the amino acids content of tea and the pH of the soil. The use of organic fertilizer significantly increased in the relative abundance of
Burkholderiales
,
Myxococcales
,
Streptomycetales
,
Nitrospirales
,
Ktedonobacterales
,
Acidobacteriales
,
Gemmatimonadales
, and
Solibacterales
, and decreased the abundance of
Pseudonocardiales
,
Frankiales
,
Rhizobiales
, and
Xanthomonadales
. In conclusion, organic fertilizer can help to shape the microbial composition and recruit beneficial bacteria into the rhizosphere of tea, leading to improved tea quality and reduced heavy metals content in rhizosphere soil and tea leaves.
Lignin represents the most abundant source of renewable aromatic resources, and the depolymerization of lignin has been identified as a prominent challenge to produce lowmolecular-mass aromatic chemicals. Herein, we report a nanostructured MoO x /CNT, which can serve as an efficient catalyst in hydrogenolysis of enzymatic mild acidolysis lignins (EMALs) derived from various lignocellulosic biomass, thus giving monomeric phenols in high yields (up to 47 wt %). This catalyst showed high selectivity toward phenolic compounds having an unsaturated substituent, because the cleavage of C−O bonds in β-O-4 units is prior to reduction of double bonds by MoO x /CNT under a H 2 atmosphere, which was confirmed by examination of lignin model compound reactions. The effects of some key parameters such as the influence of solvent, temperature, reaction time, and catalyst recyclability were also examined in view of monomer yields and average molecular weight. This method constitutes an economically responsible pathway for lignin valorization, which is comparable to the performance of precious-metal catalytic systems in terms of activity, reusability, and biomass feedstock compatibility.
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