Background:The article presents a comparative analysis of interrelations of psychophysiological and physiological indicators of martial art athletes while performing functional tests.Material and methods: 63 martial art athletes were divided into groups: the 1st group -34 athletes of "striking" martial arts (taekwondo ITF, WTF, karate, hand-to-hand fight), age (17.58 ±0.08) years; the 2nd group -18 Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers, age (18.94 ±0.33) years; the 3rd group -11 judo and sambo athletes, age (18.73 ±0.23) years. Participants performed a test to define the choice reaction time with parallel control of the heart rate for 3 minutes.Results: Indicators of the 1 st and the 3 rd groups did not significantly differ. Relevant excess of specific weight of significant and confident correlations was found in the 2 nd group. The synchronization labilization indicator in the 2 nd group was twice as high as in the 1 st and the 3 rd groups. The mean correlation coefficient in all groups belonged to the average interval. The indicator values of system formation in the 2nd group were significantly higher than in the other groups.Conclusions: Wrestlers are characterized by a higher degree of adaptation tension opportunities in comparison with other athletes.
The aim: To determine that nature of perception of an educational institution has on degree of risk as to development of bad habits in eating and daily routine. Materials and methods: We have conducted surveys among 1015 students of educational institutions, residing in a large industrial center through special questionnaire was developed by SI «ICAHC NAMS». According to answer to the question about their attitude towards school, schoolchildren have been divided into 6 groups. Results: Studying the health-shaping behavior of children has shown the greatest regularity of engagement in sports activities among students of the 1st group. Schoolchildren of the 4th group were characterized by the risk of development of obesity, due to the highest (among the other groups) level of consumption of chips, crackers, street food, sparkling water, against insufficient acquirement of key sources of protein and vitamins. The same groups also differed in self-esteem of their own health and perception of school environment. Conclusions: The most safe group as to development of obesity and other diseases has been the 1st group, students of which attended an educational institution with pleasure and had a high level of physical activity and had certain eating habits. Children of the 4th group with indifferent attitude towards any occupation should be included into the risk group. Outstanding remains the issue in-depth study of prevalence of healthy lifestyle skills and bad habits among various gender groups of adolescents.
Background and Study Aim. The study of functional asymmetry in students and schoolchildren practicing martial arts using a computer test. Material and Methods. The study involved students and schoolchildren (n = 38) practicing the martial arts (taekwondo, karate). Participants were divided into groups according to the sports’ skill level. The first group included experienced athletes (n = 15, age – 19.00 ± 0.45 years). The second group included beginners (n = 23, age - 9.78 ± 0.65 years). The functional asymmetry was determined using «Reaction SM Dual» software for tablets with iOS. Two visual tests were used. The duration of each test was 100 s. Each test was divided into 5 stages. Each stage lasts 20 s. The first test (simple reaction) – the participant pushes against the circles on the screen with two hands. The second test (differentiated reaction) – the participant pushes against the circles of the same color (out of five possible) on the screen. The following indicators were determined: the number of pushes with the right and left hand (abs); reaction time with the right and left hand (s); duration of pushes with the right and left hand (ms). It was estimated the following indicators: total number of pushes; average reaction time; average duration of pushes. Results are estimated using parametric and nonparametric statistical indicators. Results. The number of pushes in the test, the reaction rate, and the duration of pushes were significantly higher in experienced athletes. It was determined the asymmetry due to the lower duration of pushes with the right hand compared to the left hand in beginners. The asymmetry was not confirmed in experienced athletes. The reaction rate for the left hand significantly increased compared to stage 1 in beginners: at stage 2 (t = -2.41), at stage 3 (t = -2.23), at stage 4 (t = -2.30) and at stage 5 (t = -2.68). This dependency was less expressed for the right hand. It was confirmed the increase of the reaction rate in comparison with stage 1: at stage 3 (t = -2.39), at stage 4 (t = -2.00) and at stage 5 (t = -2.32). The differences in the dynamics of the test were more expressed in experienced athletes. It was determined the decrease in the number of pushes compared to stage 1: stage 2 (t = 2.53), stage 4 (t = 2.89) and stage 5 (t = 2.61). For the right hand, this pattern was more expressed. The decrease in the number of pushes was determined compared with stage 1: stage 2 (t = 2.17), stage 3 (t = 2.07), stage 4 (t = 2.39) and stage 5 (t = 2.94). Experienced athletes have confirmed significant changes in the reaction rate with their left hand compared to stage 1: stage 4 (t = -2.33) and stage 5 (t = -2.06). For the right hand, this pattern was confirmed only for the final stage of the test (t = -2.35). Conclusions. It was confirmed the legitimacy of using a special computer test to study functional asymmetry in students and schoolchildren practicing martial arts. The test division into several stages can significantly increase the information content of the results. The applied battery of indicators provides the necessary information for the analysis of asymmetry. It was determined the best functional condition of experienced athletes compared to beginners. Experienced athletes demonstrate the best ability to mobilize and concentrate on extreme conditions. The dynamics of the test also confirms the asymmetry in athletes with less training experience. Performing a test with a differentiated stimulus confirmed the revealed patterns. The lack of asymmetry in experienced athletes confirms optimal training tactics. The asymmetry in beginners stipulates the correction of training. Used computer test can be recommended for martial arts athletes’ condition monitoring.
Purpose : Comparative analysis of the physical development features and somatotype of girls and women involved in fitness. Material : The experiment involved 95 girls and women, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 - 48 girls (36.04 ± 0.19) years, Group 2 - 47 women (43.26 ± 0.22) years, (p <0.01). Participants practiced fitness 2-3 times a week. The duration of the training was 60 minutes. It was determined the body mass and body length, wrist circumference, waist and hips circumferences. The TANITA BC 587 analyzer was applied to determine muscle and fat mass, the specific weight of fat tissue, water content, percentage of visceral fat, basal metabolism value, bone mass mineralization. It was calculated the body mass index and the waist-to-hip ratio. The results were evaluated applying the Student's t-test (t) and Rosenbaum (Q) and Wilcoxon - Mann - Whitney (U) criteria. Results : There were no significant differences in body length and body mass. The girls confirmed a less value of hip circumference (t = 2.04, p <0.05) and a tendency to less waist circumference (t = 1.97, p <0.1) in comparison with group 2. The participants of group 2 had a larger wrist circumference (U = 891, p <0.05). According to this parameter, persons with asthenic body type prevailed among participants. Their specific weight was (56.25 ± 7.16)% of group 1 and (53.19 ± 7.28)% of group 2. It was confirmed less absolute body fat content in group 1 (t = 2.09, p <0.05). All participants were characterized by larger muscle mass. There were no differences in this parameter between groups. It was determined the high concentration of specific weight of fat tissue in comparison with age standards. The content of visceral fat was within the age norm. Its content was higher in group 2 (Q = 18, p <0.01). The basal metabolic value was larger in group 2 (Q = 17, p <0.01). The values of bone mass mineralization reflect the correspondence to the body mass of the participants. This parameter did not have significant differences in the groups. The body mass index value in group 1 was within the average interval. In group 2, this index was higher than the standard one. The body mass index in group 1 was significantly lower (t = 2.18, p <0.05). The participants with a body mass index above the norm were (35.42 ± 6.90)% of group 1 and (59.57 ± 7.16)% of group 2. The prevalence of waist-to-hip ratio above the norm was (54.17 ± 7.19)% 1 group and (59.57 ± 7.17)% 2 group, (p> 0.05). Conclusions : it was determined the proximity of the main anthropometric parameters (mass and body length). The girls have lower values of the hip circumference. Persons with asthenic body type prevailed among the participants. Analysis of the indices confirmed the high prevalence of overweight and high risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The application of bio-impedance method confirmed and clarified the results of anthropometric research. The participants demonstrated the increased content of subcutaneous and visceral fat, increasing with age. The water level in the body gradually decreases with age. This is considered as a reflection of age-related physiological changes in metabolism and should be considered in fitness training organizing. Studies have confirmed the informativeness and adequacy of the bio-impedance method.
* Работа выполнена в рамках фундаментальной НИР ГУ «Институт охраны здоровья детей и подростков НАМН Украины» «Вивчити механізми впливу гіпоандрогенії на формування соматичної патології в період статевого дозрівання у хлопців (клініко-експериментальне дослідження)» (№ госрегистрации 0117U003008). Учреждением, финансирующим исследование, является НАМН Украины. Авторы гарантируют ответственность за обьективность представленной информации. Авторы гарантируют отсутствие конфликта интересов и собственной финансовой заинтересованности. Рукопись поступила в редакцию 21.05.2019.
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