Incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty with bone cement is a cost-effective and safe procedure that yields good hearing results in selected patients.
Background: The aim of this study was to detect cysteinyl leukotriene (Cys-LT) receptors in aspirin-sensitive nasal polyposis patients, and compare them with nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis patients without aspirin sensitivity. Methods: The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of a total of 52 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were reviewed by an experienced head and neck pathologist. Of these 52 cases, there were 22 nasal polyposis cases with aspirin sensitivity, 15 nasal polyposis cases without aspirin sensitivity and 15 chronic rhinosinusitis cases without aspirin sensitivity. Immunohistochemical analyses for Cys-LT1 receptors were performed with polyclonal rabbit antibody. Results: Eosinophil receptor intensity levels were 27.68, 21.67, and 14.40, respectively. This was statistically insignificant (p <0.089). Mast cell receptor intensity levels were 8.41, 5.27, and 4.27, respectively. In the aspirin-sensitive group, mast cell receptor intensity was significantly higher when compared to the nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis group (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The difference in Cys-LT1 receptor immunoreactivity in both eosinophils and mast cells among the 3 groups was also found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study revealed that nasal polyps of aspirin-sensitive patients were infiltrated with eosinophils and mast cells, Cys-LT1 receptor proportions in these inflammatory cells were found to be higher and Cys-LT1 receptor immunoreactivity in eosinophils and mast cells was increased.
Changes and developments in technology are also reflected in user behavior. Therefore, companies that monitor and analyze user behavior to gain competitive advantage will be one step ahead of others. Google Analytics is one of the most popular web analytics tools that perform this function. This chapter observes changes in user habits between 2011 and 2017 by using the Google Analytics data of Enocta Academic Education Platform (EAEP) that offers course content and learning management system (LMS) services for organizations and universities in Turkey. Thus, it advises to LMS providers in terms of improving their software considering changes in user habits. In addition, different approaches of improving e-learning services are discussed. This case study shows that Google Analytics, one of the web analytics tools, can provide useful information for e-learning platform or LMS providers in order to understand behaviors and needs of the visitors as well as their own strengths and weaknesses.
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