KOLAT PAVEL, KADLEC ZDENĚK: Sewage sludge as a biomass energy source. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 1, pp. 85-91 The major part of the dry matter content of sewage sludge consists of nontoxic organic compounds, in general a combination of primary sludge and secondary microbiological sludge. The sludge also contains a substantive amount of inorganic material and a small amount of toxic components. There are many sludge-management options in which production of energy is one of the key treatment steps. The most important options are anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, incineration in combination with energy recovery and co-incineration in coal-fi red power plants. The goal of our applied research is to verify, if the sludge from waste water treatment plants may be used as a biomass energy source in respect of the EU legislation, which would comply with emission limits or the proposal of energy process optimizing the preparation of coal/sludge mixture for combustion in the existing fl uid bed boilers in the Czech Republic. The paper discusses the questions of thermal usage of mechanically drained stabilized sewage sludge from the waste water treatment plants in the boiler with circulated fl uid layer. The paper describes methods of thermal analysis of coal, sewage sludge and its mixtures, mud transport to the circulating fl uidised bed boiler, eff ects on effi ciency, operational reliability of the combustion equipment, emissions and solid combustion residues.
The carbon dioxide absorption/desorption unit of the Integrated Gasifying Combined Cycle has been detailed described to formulate appropriate model equations for the processes, suitable for further thermodynamic analyzes. There are two principal technologies of the CO 2-removing section, namely the absorption with the following expanding desorption process, and the absorption with the following classical plates (or packing) desorption one. The physics of thermodynamic properties of the water/carbon dioxide solution have been presented thoroughly using hitherto literature data. The Henry's Law has been emphasized as the base for further thermodynamic analyzes. The numerical results of appropriate absorption/desorption units have been compiled presuming fundamental relations, which are also presented. They should be the base for their thermodynamic analyzes. Abstrakt Ve článku je detailně popsána absorpční a desorpční jednotka pro oxid uhličitý integrovaného zplyňovacího kombinovaného oběhu tak, aby se mohl definovat přiměřený matematický model procesu vhodný pro další termodynamickou analýzu. Existují dvě principiální technologie pro extrakci CO 2 jmenovitě absorpce s následným expanzním desorpčním procesem a absorpce s následným klasickým desorpčním procesem. Fyzika termodynamických vlastností roztoku voda/oxid uhličitý je prezentována zatím na základě dat z literatury. Je zde zdůrazněn Henryho zákon jako základ pro další termodynamické analýzy. Numerické výsledky vhodných absorpčních / desorpčních jednotek byly určeny na základě předpokládaných základních vztahů, které jsou také prezentovány. Tyto tvoří základ pro jejich termodynamické analýzy. prof. Ing. Jaroslav KOZACZKA, Dr.
This paper presents a numerical investigation of water supply for cooling tertiary containment wall. These type of tanks are used as a part of petroleum high storage tank. Minimum quantity reasonably needed is perform by heat – balance equation. The calculation in is done for the most heat stressed wall part for a case when neighbouring tank is on fire.
Plasma technology utilised in power engineering can be divided to: I. High temperature plasma technology. The development of experimental equipment for decomposing the toxic compounds that arise in the pyrolysis or combustion of PCB oils, plastics and other dangerous wastes, by subsequently raising the combustion temperature above the threshold for dissociation of toxic gas molecules. The design of experimental dissociation chamber plant, rated at 100 kg/hour of dangerous waste is presented. II. Low temperature plasma technology is one of the possibilities how to replace efficiently noble fuels (mazut or gas) used for the start-up and stabilization of power stations and utilization in the incineration plants. The output 320 kVA of plasma generator and temperature 6 000 oC for the boiler is sufficient. The operating costs of plasma ignition of coal powders are significantly lower than the start-up of boiler with mazut, and/or the start-up or stabilization with the use of gas. These conclusions have been fully confirmed and verified.
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